Medical and Biomedical Researches

Pharmacokinetics of 1,4-Butanediol in Rats: Bioactivation to gamma-Hydroxybutyric Acid, Interaction

May 1st, 2008
Pharmacokinetics of 1,4-Butanediol in Rats: Bioactivation to gamma-Hydroxybutyric Acid, Interaction with Ethanol, and Oral Bioavailability. 1,4-Butanediol (BD), a substance of abuse, is bioactivated to gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), but its fundamental pharmacokinetics (PK) have not been characterized. Because this bioactivation is partly mediated by alcohol dehydrogenase, we hypothesized ...

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Pharmacokinetic Interaction between the Flavonoid Luteolin and gamma-Hydroxybutyrate in Rats: Potent

May 1st, 2008
Pharmacokinetic Interaction between the Flavonoid Luteolin and gamma-Hydroxybutyrate in Rats: Potential Involvement of Monocarboxylate Transporters. Monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) has been previously reported as an important determinant of the renal reabsorption of the drug of abuse, gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB). Luteolin is a potent MCT1 inhibitor, inhibiting the ...

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The Pharmacokinetics and Interactions of Ivermectin in Humans-A Mini-review.

May 1st, 2008
The Pharmacokinetics and Interactions of Ivermectin in Humans-A Mini-review. Ivermectin is an antiparasitic drug with a broad spectrum of activity, high efficacy as well as a wide margin of safety. Since 1987, this compound has a widespread use in veterinary medicine and it use has been ...

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Informatic tools and approaches in postmarketing pharmacovigilance used by FDA.

May 1st, 2008
Informatic tools and approaches in postmarketing pharmacovigilance used by FDA. The safety profile of newly approved drugs and therapeutic biologics is less well developed by pre-marketing clinical testing than is the efficacy profile. The full safety profile of an approved product is established during years of ...

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Cell cycle checkpoint models for cellular pharmacology of Paclitaxel and platinum drugs.

May 1st, 2008
Cell cycle checkpoint models for cellular pharmacology of Paclitaxel and platinum drugs. A pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic mathematical model is developed for cellular pharmacology of chemotherapeutic drugs for which the decisive step towards cell death occurs at a point in the cell cycle, presumably corresponding to a cell cycle ...

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The Role of Quantitative Pharmacology in an Academic Translational Research Environment.

May 1st, 2008
The Role of Quantitative Pharmacology in an Academic Translational Research Environment. Translational research is generally described as the application of basic science discoveries to the treatment or prevention of disease or injury. Its value is usually determined based on the likelihood that exploratory or developmental research ...

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An overview of patent law as applied to the field of veterinary medicine.

May 1st, 2008
An overview of patent law as applied to the field of veterinary medicine. This article analyzes some of the challenges that can arise when patent law is applied to the field of veterinary medicine. Topics covered in this article include an overview of the different kinds ...

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Process optimization, characterization and pharmacokinetic evaluation in rats of ursodeoxycholic Aci

May 1st, 2008
Process optimization, characterization and pharmacokinetic evaluation in rats of ursodeoxycholic Acid-phospholipid complex. The purpose of this research was to study whether the bioavailability of ursodeoxycholic acid could be improved by administering ursodeoxycholic acid-phospholipid complex (UDCA-PLC) orally to rats. A central composite design approach was used for ...

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Physicochemical Properties and Dissolution Studies of Dexamethasone Acetate-beta-Cyclodextrin Inclus

May 1st, 2008
Physicochemical Properties and Dissolution Studies of Dexamethasone Acetate-beta-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes Produced by Different Methods. Inclusion complexes between dexamethasone acetate (DMA), a poorly water soluble drug, and beta-cyclodextrin (betaCD) were obtained to improve the solubility and dissolution rate of this drug. Phase-solubility profile indicated that the solubility ...

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Controlled release matrix tablets of Zidovudine: effect of formulation variables on the in vitro dru

May 1st, 2008
Controlled release matrix tablets of Zidovudine: effect of formulation variables on the in vitro drug release kinetics. The purpose of this research was to design oral controlled release (CR) matrix tablets of zidovudine (AZT) using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), ethyl cellulose (EC) and carbopol-971P (CP) and to ...

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Preliminary investigation on the development of diltiazem resin complex loaded carboxymethyl xanthan

May 1st, 2008
Preliminary investigation on the development of diltiazem resin complex loaded carboxymethyl xanthan beads. The objective of this study was to develop a multiunit sustained release dosage form of diltiazem using a natural polymer from a completely aqueous environment. Diltiazem was complexed with resin and the resinate-loaded ...

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Development of Novel Biodegradable Polymeric Nanoparticles-in-Microsphere Formulation for Local Plas

May 1st, 2008
Development of Novel Biodegradable Polymeric Nanoparticles-in-Microsphere Formulation for Local Plasmid DNA Delivery in the Gastrointestinal Tract. There is a critical need for development of novel delivery systems to facilitate the translation of nucleic acid-based macromolecules into clinically-viable therapies. The aim of this investigation was to develop ...

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A new rapid on-line imaging method to determine particle size distribution of granules.

May 1st, 2008
A new rapid on-line imaging method to determine particle size distribution of granules. The purpose of this research was to study the feasibility of the new image analysis method in the particle size determination of the granules. The method is capable of forming a three-dimensional topographic ...

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Influence of compression force on the behavior of mucoadhesive buccal tablets.

May 1st, 2008
Influence of compression force on the behavior of mucoadhesive buccal tablets. The purpose of this research was to study the compression force influence on polymers, tablet behavior and drug release rate. Several tablet batches were produced by varying the compression force and by using hydroxyethyl cellulose ...

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Ultrasound transmission technique as a potential tool for physical evaluation of monolithic matrix t

May 1st, 2008
Ultrasound transmission technique as a potential tool for physical evaluation of monolithic matrix tablets. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of tablet porosity and particle size fraction of compacted Starch acetate powders, with and without model drug caffeine, on acoustic properties of ...

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Process analytical technology: application to particle sizing in spray drying.

May 1st, 2008
Process analytical technology: application to particle sizing in spray drying. The purpose of this research was to explore the possibility of employing PAT for particle sizing during spray drying with the use of an in-line and at-line laser diffraction system. Microspheres were made using maltodextrin and ...

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Comparative evaluation of flow for pharmaceutical powders and granules.

May 1st, 2008
Comparative evaluation of flow for pharmaceutical powders and granules. The objective of the present work was to carry out a systematic evaluation of flow of pharmaceutical powders and granules using compendial and non-compendial methods. Angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, Carr\'s compressibility index, and Hausner ...

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The influence of sodium hyaluronate, L: -leucine and sodium taurocholate on the nebulization of aque

May 1st, 2008
The influence of sodium hyaluronate, L: -leucine and sodium taurocholate on the nebulization of aqueous betamethasone-17-valerate suspensions. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the variables that are suggested to influence the adsorption of the hydrophilic hyaluronic acid (HA) onto the surface of the hydrophobic ...

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Formulation and Evaluation of Gastroretentive Dosage Forms of Clarithromycin.

May 1st, 2008
Formulation and Evaluation of Gastroretentive Dosage Forms of Clarithromycin. The purpose of this research was to develop the hydrodynamically balanced delivery system of Clarithromycin (CLA) which, after oral administration should have the ability to prolong gastric residence time with the desired in vitro release profile for ...

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Design and development of gliclazide mucoadhesive microcapsules: in vitro and in vivo evaluation.

May 1st, 2008
Design and development of gliclazide mucoadhesive microcapsules: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. In this study an attempt was made to prepare mucoadhesive microcapsules of gliclazide using various mucoadhesive polymers designed for oral controlled release. Gliclazide microcapsules were prepared using sodium alginate and mucoadhesive polymer such ...

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Intracellular delivery of nanoparticles of an antiasthmatic drug.

May 1st, 2008
Intracellular delivery of nanoparticles of an antiasthmatic drug. The aim of the investigation was to prepare and characterize wheat germ agglutinin(WGA)-conjugated poly(D: ,L: -lactic-co-glycolic) acid nanoparticles encapsulating mometasone furoate (MF) as a model drug and assess changes in its fate in terms of cellular interactions. MF ...

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Influence of position and size of substituents on the mechanism of partitioning: a thermodynamic stu

May 1st, 2008
Influence of position and size of substituents on the mechanism of partitioning: a thermodynamic study on acetaminophens, hydroxybenzoic acids, and parabens. The objective of the present investigation was to study the influence of size, nature, and topology of substituents on the thermodynamic characteristics of sublimation, fusion, ...

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Development and evaluation of buccoadhesive controlled release tablets of lercanidipine.

May 1st, 2008
Development and evaluation of buccoadhesive controlled release tablets of lercanidipine. The purpose of this research was to develop and evaluate buccal mucoadhesive controlled release tablets of lercanidipine hydrochloride using polyethylene oxide and different viscosity grades of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose individually and in combination. Effect of polymer type, ...

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Formulation and Evaluation of a Salted-out Isoniazid-loaded Nanosystem.

May 1st, 2008
Formulation and Evaluation of a Salted-out Isoniazid-loaded Nanosystem. The purpose of this study was to develop a drug-loaded nanosystem that has the ability to achieve flexible yet rate-controlled release of model drug isoniazid (INH) employing either an aqueous or emulsion-based salting-out approach. Formulation conditions were aimed ...

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Development of Lapachol Topical Formulation: Anti-inflammatory Study of a Selected Formulation.

May 1st, 2008
Development of Lapachol Topical Formulation: Anti-inflammatory Study of a Selected Formulation. This study aimed at developing a topical formulation of lapachol, a compound isolated from various Bignoniaceae species and at evaluating its topical anti-inflammatory activity. The influence of the pharmaceutical form and different types of emulsifiers ...

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