Medical and Biomedical Researches

Plasma sphingosine-1-phosphate measurement in healthy subjects: close correlation with red blood cel

June 29th, 2008
Plasma sphingosine-1-phosphate measurement in healthy subjects: close correlation with red blood cell parameters. BACKGROUND: Since sphingosine-1-phosphate (Sph-1-P) plays an important role as an extracellular mediator through interaction with specific cell surface receptors, especially in the area of vascular biology and immunology/haematology, determination of its plasma concentration ...

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Multiple molecular forms of circulating cardiac troponin: analytical and clinical significance.

June 29th, 2008
Multiple molecular forms of circulating cardiac troponin: analytical and clinical significance. Cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and I (cTnI) are highly specific and sensitive biomarkers of myocardial cell damage and are now accepted as the \'gold standard\' diagnostic test for acute coronary syndrome and supersede the classical ...

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Plasma total homocysteine: instigator or indicator of cardiovascular disease?

June 29th, 2008
Plasma total homocysteine: instigator or indicator of cardiovascular disease? Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. However, traditional risk factors cannot fully account for this. In the last 20 years, there has been an explosion of interest in plasma ...

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Science podcast.

June 29th, 2008
Science podcast. Science Podcast In the 27 June 2008 show, hear about the upward shift of plant species\' optimum elevation, evolutionary history of birds, your Letters to Science, and more.

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Virus attenuation by genome-scale changes in codon pair bias.

June 29th, 2008
Virus attenuation by genome-scale changes in codon pair bias. As a result of the redundancy of the genetic code, adjacent pairs of amino acids can be encoded by as many as 36 different pairs of synonymous codons. A species-specific \"codon pair bias\" provides that some synonymous ...

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Both Catalytic Steps of Nuclear Pre-mRNA Splicing Are Reversible.

June 29th, 2008
Both Catalytic Steps of Nuclear Pre-mRNA Splicing Are Reversible. Nuclear pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) splicing is an essential processing step for the production of mature mRNAs from most eukaryotic genes. Splicing is catalyzed by a large ribonucleoprotein complex, the spliceosome, which is composed of five small nuclear ...

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FGF-Dependent Mechanosensory Organ Patterning in Zebrafish.

June 29th, 2008
FGF-Dependent Mechanosensory Organ Patterning in Zebrafish. During development, organ primordia reorganize to form repeated functional units. In zebrafish (Danio rerio), mechanosensory organs called neuromasts are deposited at regular intervals by the migrating posterior lateral line (pLL) primordium. The pLL primordium is organized into polarized rosettes representing ...

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Polarization of the C. elegans Embryo by RhoGAP-Mediated Exclusion of PAR-6 from Cell Contacts.

June 29th, 2008
Polarization of the C. elegans Embryo by RhoGAP-Mediated Exclusion of PAR-6 from Cell Contacts. Early embryos of some metazoans polarize radially to facilitate critical patterning events such as gastrulation and asymmetric cell division; however, little is known about how radial polarity is established. Early embryos of ...

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A significant upward shift in plant species optimum elevation during the 20th century.

June 29th, 2008
A significant upward shift in plant species optimum elevation during the 20th century. Spatial fingerprints of climate change on biotic communities are usually associated with changes in the distribution of species at their latitudinal or altitudinal extremes. By comparing the altitudinal distribution of 171 forest plant ...

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A phylogenomic study of birds reveals their evolutionary history.

June 29th, 2008
A phylogenomic study of birds reveals their evolutionary history. Deep avian evolutionary relationships have been difficult to resolve as a result of a putative explosive radiation. Our study examined approximately 32 kilobases of aligned nuclear DNA sequences from 19 independent loci for 169 species, representing all ...

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Tryptophan-accelerated electron flow through proteins.

June 29th, 2008
Tryptophan-accelerated electron flow through proteins. Energy flow in biological structures often requires submillisecond charge transport over long molecular distances. Kinetics modeling suggests that charge-transfer rates can be greatly enhanced by multistep electron tunneling in which redox-active amino acid side chains act as intermediate donors or acceptors. ...

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Very-High-Energy Gamma Rays from a Distant Quasar: How Transparent Is the Universe?

June 29th, 2008
Very-High-Energy Gamma Rays from a Distant Quasar: How Transparent Is the Universe? The atmospheric Cherenkov gamma-ray telescope MAGIC, designed for a low-energy threshold, has detected very-high-energy gamma rays from a giant flare of the distant Quasi-Stellar Radio Source (in short: radio quasar) 3C 279, at a ...

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Ordered mesoporous materials from metal nanoparticle-block copolymer self-assembly.

June 29th, 2008
Ordered mesoporous materials from metal nanoparticle-block copolymer self-assembly. The synthesis of ordered mesoporous metal composites and ordered mesoporous metals is a challenge because metals have high surface energies that favor low surface areas. We present results from the self-assembly of block copolymers with ligand-stabilized platinum nanoparticles, ...

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Dislocation mean free paths and strain hardening of crystals.

June 29th, 2008
Dislocation mean free paths and strain hardening of crystals. Predicting the strain hardening properties of crystals constitutes a long-standing challenge for dislocation theory. The main difficulty resides in the integration of dislocation processes through a wide range of time and length scales, up to macroscopic dimensions. ...

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Deep drilling into the chesapeake bay impact structure.

June 29th, 2008
Deep drilling into the chesapeake bay impact structure. Samples from a 1.76-kilometer-deep corehole drilled near the center of the late Eocene Chesapeake Bay impact structure (Virginia, USA) reveal its geologic, hydrologic, and biologic history. We conducted stratigraphic and petrologic analyses of the cores to elucidate the ...

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Quantum state engineering and precision metrology using state-insensitive light traps.

June 29th, 2008
Quantum state engineering and precision metrology using state-insensitive light traps. Precision metrology and quantum measurement often demand that matter be prepared in well-defined quantum states for both internal and external degrees of freedom. Laser-cooled neutral atoms localized in a deeply confining optical potential satisfy this requirement. ...

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BIOCHEMISTRY: Electron Relay in Proteins.

June 29th, 2008
BIOCHEMISTRY: Electron Relay in Proteins. Electron transfer in proteins can be accelerated by electron relay along a chain of residues. Bollinger JM Jr.

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MATERIALS SCIENCE: The Statistical Mechanics of Strain-Hardened Metals.

June 29th, 2008
MATERIALS SCIENCE: The Statistical Mechanics of Strain-Hardened Metals. The average distance that dislocations in crystals travel before freezing into place is a key quantity in describing how metals harden when strained. El-Azab A.

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ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE: Himalaya–Carbon Sink or Source?

June 29th, 2008
ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE: Himalaya--Carbon Sink or Source? Chemical analysis of hot springs in the Himalaya suggest that the carbon released from mountain forming regions may warm Earth. Gaillardet J, Galy A.

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CELL BIOLOGY: Arrestin’ Movement in Cilia.

June 29th, 2008
CELL BIOLOGY: Arrestin\' Movement in Cilia. A signaling protein localizes to primary cilia through its interaction with a complex that contains a motor protein. Rohatgi R, Scott MP.

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BIOCHEMISTRY: Metamorphic Proteins.

June 29th, 2008
BIOCHEMISTRY: Metamorphic Proteins. Proteins that can adopt more than one native folded conformation may be more common than previously thought. Murzin AG.

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THE EARLY YEARS: Preschool Programs Can Boost School Readiness.

June 29th, 2008
THE EARLY YEARS: Preschool Programs Can Boost School Readiness. Preschool programs in Oklahoma help children to succeed in school. Gormley WT Jr, Phillips D, Gayer T.

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EVOLUTION: Building the Tree of Life, Genome by Genome.

June 29th, 2008
EVOLUTION: Building the Tree of Life, Genome by Genome. Cheaper sequencing has put many more genes into the hands of researchers trying to sort out the degree of relatedness of a menagerie of organisms. Thanks to one such \"phylogenomic\" analysis reported on page 1763 of this ...

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INFECTIOUS DISEASE: Clinical Trials: Dispelling Suspicions, Building Trust in Mali.

June 29th, 2008
INFECTIOUS DISEASE: Clinical Trials: Dispelling Suspicions, Building Trust in Mali. Across West Africa, suspicions of Western medicine--and in particular the fear of being used as a guinea pig in clinical trials--run high. So winning the trust of the local community to enlist participants in clinical trials ...

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INFECTIOUS DISEASE: Costs of Meningitis Outbreaks Are Crippling, Too.

June 29th, 2008
INFECTIOUS DISEASE: Costs of Meningitis Outbreaks Are Crippling, Too. One illness in a family can exact a huge toll on household income, not only in direct costs but indirect ones as well, including loss of income and property such as cattle and crops. Roberts L. ...

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