Medical and Biomedical Researches

Genetic Basis of Virulence Attenuation Revealed by Comparative Genomic Analysis of Mycobacterium tub

June 29th, 2008
Genetic Basis of Virulence Attenuation Revealed by Comparative Genomic Analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strain H37Ra versus H37Rv. Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains a leading infectious disease despite the availability of chemotherapy and BCG vaccine. The commonly used avirulent M. tuberculosis strain H37Ra was derived from ...

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Odorranalectin is a small Peptide lectin with potential for drug delivery and targeting.

June 29th, 2008
Odorranalectin is a small Peptide lectin with potential for drug delivery and targeting. BACKGROUND: Lectins are sugar-binding proteins that specifically recognize sugar complexes. Based on the specificity of protein-sugar interactions, different lectins could be used as carrier molecules to target drugs specifically to different cells which ...

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Detecting periodic genes from irregularly sampled gene expressions: a comparison study.

June 29th, 2008
Detecting periodic genes from irregularly sampled gene expressions: a comparison study. Time series microarray measurements of gene expressions have been exploited to discover genes involved in cell cycles. Due to experimental constraints, most microarray observations are obtained through irregular sampling. In this paper three popular spectral ...

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An unusual case of hemosiderotic fibrohistiocytic lipomatous lesion: correlation of MRI and patholog

June 29th, 2008
An unusual case of hemosiderotic fibrohistiocytic lipomatous lesion: correlation of MRI and pathologic findings. The spectrum of lipomatous lesions ranges from benign to highly malignant disease. Differentiation between these lesions is important to indicate prognosis and choose the most appropriate treatment. Hemosiderotic fibrohistiocytic lipomatous lesion (HFLL) ...

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Gene regulatory network reconstruction using conditional mutual information.

June 29th, 2008
Gene regulatory network reconstruction using conditional mutual information. The inference of gene regulatory network from expression data is an important area of research that provides insight to the inner workings of a biological system. The relevance-network-based approaches provide a simple and easily-scalable solution to the understanding ...

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Differential effects of leptin on the invasive potential of androgen-dependent and -independent pros

June 29th, 2008
Differential effects of leptin on the invasive potential of androgen-dependent and -independent prostate carcinoma cells. Obesity has been linked with an increased risk of prostate cancer. The formation of toxic free oxygen radicals has been implicated in obesity mediated disease processes. Leptin is one of the ...

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Modulation of TNF Release by Choline Requires Alpha7 Subunit Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor-Mediat

June 29th, 2008
Modulation of TNF Release by Choline Requires Alpha7 Subunit Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor-Mediated Signaling. The alpha7 subunit-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7nAChR) is an essential component in the vagus nerve-based \"cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway\" that regulates the levels of TNF, high mobility group box1 (HMGB1) and other cytokines during ...

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NO LONGER AN INNOCENT BYSTANDER: EPITHELIAL TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR SIGNALING IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MUCOS

June 29th, 2008
NO LONGER AN INNOCENT BYSTANDER: EPITHELIAL TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR SIGNALING IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MUCOSAL INFLAMMATION. Diseases of mucosal inflammation represent important causes of morbidity and mortality, and have led to intense research efforts to understand the factors that lead to their development. It is well accepted ...

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The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway mediates the downregulation of gelsolin protein levels in pancreati

June 29th, 2008
The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway mediates the downregulation of gelsolin protein levels in pancreatic cancer. One of the oldest observations in cancer biology is that transformed cells display a disturbed cytoskeleton. The underlying mechanisms, however, remain only partly understood. In an effort to identify possible mechanisms, we contrast ...

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Serum concentration of interleukin-6 is increased both in active and remission stages of pemphigus v

June 29th, 2008
Serum concentration of interleukin-6 is increased both in active and remission stages of pemphigus vulgaris. As most studies on pemphigus vulgaris (PV) pathogenesis concern its active stage, we aimed to evaluate the serum concentration of TNF-alpha, IL-1, and IL-6 in PV patients in clinical remission. The ...

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Increased responsiveness to toll-like receptor 4 stimulation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells f

June 29th, 2008
Increased responsiveness to toll-like receptor 4 stimulation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with recent onset rheumatoid arthritis. Background. Cell signaling via Toll-like receptors (TLRs) leads to synovial inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We aimed to assess effects of TLR2 and TLR4 stimulation on proinflammatory ...

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Network analysis of intrinsic functional brain connectivity in Alzheimer’s disease.

June 29th, 2008
Network analysis of intrinsic functional brain connectivity in Alzheimer\'s disease. Functional brain networks detected in task-free (\"resting-state\") functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have a small-world architecture that reflects a robust functional organization of the brain. Here, we examined whether this functional organization is disrupted in Alzheimer\'s ...

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The role of the entorhinal cortex in extinction: influences of aging.

June 29th, 2008
The role of the entorhinal cortex in extinction: influences of aging. The entorhinal cortex is perhaps the area of the brain in which neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques are first detectable in old age with or without mild cognitive impairment, and very particularly in Alzheimer\'s disease. ...

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Acute-phase serum amyloid a as a marker of insulin resistance in mice.

June 29th, 2008
Acute-phase serum amyloid a as a marker of insulin resistance in mice. Acute-phase serum amyloid A (A-SAA) was shown recently to correlate with obesity and insulin resistance in humans. However, the mechanisms linking obesity-associated inflammation and elevated plasma A-SAA to insulin resistance are poorly understood. Using ...

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A Novel Design of 4-Class BCI Using Two Binary Classifiers and Parallel Mental Tasks.

June 29th, 2008
A Novel Design of 4-Class BCI Using Two Binary Classifiers and Parallel Mental Tasks. A novel 4-class single-trial brain computer interface (BCI) based on two (rather than four or more) binary linear discriminant analysis (LDA) classifiers is proposed, which is called a \"parallel BCI.\" Unlike other ...

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Recovering genetic regulatory networks from chromatin immunoprecipitation and steady-state microarra

June 29th, 2008
Recovering genetic regulatory networks from chromatin immunoprecipitation and steady-state microarray data. Recent advances in high-throughput DNA microarrays and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays have enabled the learning of the structure and functionality of genetic regulatory networks. In light of these heterogeneous data sets, this paper proposes a ...

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Microglia and Astrocyte Activation by Toll-Like Receptor Ligands: Modulation by PPAR-gamma Agonists.

June 29th, 2008
Microglia and Astrocyte Activation by Toll-Like Receptor Ligands: Modulation by PPAR-gamma Agonists. Microglia and astrocytes express numerous members of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family that are pivotal for recognizing conserved microbial motifs expressed by a wide array of pathogens. Despite the critical role for TLRs in ...

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The Role of PPARs in Cancer.

June 29th, 2008
The Role of PPARs in Cancer. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors that belong to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. PPARalpha is mainly expressed in the liver, where it activates fatty acid catabolism. PPARalpha activators have been used to treat dyslipidemia, causing a reduction ...

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Calibrating the performance of SNP arrays for whole-genome association studies.

June 29th, 2008
Calibrating the performance of SNP arrays for whole-genome association studies. To facilitate whole-genome association studies (WGAS), several high-density SNP genotyping arrays have been developed. Genetic coverage and statistical power are the primary benchmark metrics in evaluating the performance of SNP arrays. Ideally, such evaluations would be ...

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Metabolic Actions of Estrogen Receptor Beta (ERbeta) are Mediated by a Negative Cross-Talk with PPAR

June 29th, 2008
Metabolic Actions of Estrogen Receptor Beta (ERbeta) are Mediated by a Negative Cross-Talk with PPARgamma. Estrogen receptors (ER) are important regulators of metabolic diseases such as obesity and insulin resistance (IR). While ERalpha seems to have a protective role in such diseases, the function of ERbeta ...

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Global mapping of DNA methylation in mouse promoters reveals epigenetic reprogramming of pluripotenc

June 29th, 2008
Global mapping of DNA methylation in mouse promoters reveals epigenetic reprogramming of pluripotency genes. DNA methylation patterns are reprogrammed in primordial germ cells and in preimplantation embryos by demethylation and subsequent de novo methylation. It has been suggested that epigenetic reprogramming may be necessary for the ...

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Statistical analysis of efficient unbalanced factorial designs for two-color microarray experiments.

June 29th, 2008
Statistical analysis of efficient unbalanced factorial designs for two-color microarray experiments. Experimental designs that efficiently embed a fixed effects treatment structure within a random effects design structure typically require a mixed-model approach to data analyses. Although mixed model software tailored for the analysis of two-color microarray ...

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Effect of process parameters on catalytic incineration of solvent emissions.

June 29th, 2008
Effect of process parameters on catalytic incineration of solvent emissions. Catalytic oxidation is a feasible and affordable technology for solvent emission abatement. However, finding optimal operation conditions is important, since they are strongly dependent on the application area of VOC incineration. This paper presents the results ...

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Development in rice genome research based on accurate genome sequence.

June 29th, 2008
Development in rice genome research based on accurate genome sequence. Rice is one of the most important crops in the world. Although genetic improvement is a key technology for the acceleration of rice breeding, a lack of genome information had restricted efforts in molecular-based breeding until ...

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The Achilles Heel of the Trojan Horse Model of HIV-1 trans-Infection.

June 29th, 2008
The Achilles Heel of the Trojan Horse Model of HIV-1 trans-Infection. To ensure their survival, microbial pathogens have evolved diverse strategies to subvert host immune defenses. The human retrovirus HIV-1 has been proposed to hijack the natural endocytic function of dendritic cells (DCs) to infect interacting ...

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