Medical and Biomedical Researches

Heavy Metal Resistant of E. coli Isolated from Wastewater Sites in Assiut City, Egypt.

June 29th, 2008
Heavy Metal Resistant of E. coli Isolated from Wastewater Sites in Assiut City, Egypt. Twelve isolates of E. coli were isolated from wastewater of El-Malah canal located in Assiut, Egypt and were checked for their heavy metal tolerance. One isolate has tested for its multiple metal ...

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[Review of the development in European Legislation on the harmonisation of the laws for medicinal pr

June 29th, 2008
[Review of the development in European Legislation on the harmonisation of the laws for medicinal products.] The harmonisation of the legislation for medicinal products is an on-going process even after 40 years of development. The first step for harmonising the requirements for the marketing authorisation and ...

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[The role of the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) in the European centralised p

June 29th, 2008
[The role of the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) in the European centralised procedure.] The centralised procedure for marketing authorisation at the European Medicines Agency (EMEA) started more than 10 years ago, offering marketing authorisation for all member states of the European Union ...

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[Revision of the Renewals Procedure and the implementation of the sunset clause. BfArM’s experience

June 29th, 2008
[Revision of the Renewals Procedure and the implementation of the sunset clause. BfArM\'s experience with the amended legislation.] Two years after the 14(th) Amendment of the German Medicines Act came into force, including the changes involved in the renewals procedure, most but by far not all ...

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[Harmonisation of the Marketing Authorisation Application dossier: Perspectives due to harmonised re

June 29th, 2008
[Harmonisation of the Marketing Authorisation Application dossier: Perspectives due to harmonised requirements. Assessing Rules and the Common Technical Document.] Assessing Rules for Marketing Authorisation Applications and the Common Technical Document provide the framework regarding data-related requirements and regarding the structural requirements of marketing authorisation application dossiers, ...

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[The regulatory framework for complementary and alternative medicines in Europe.]

June 29th, 2008
[The regulatory framework for complementary and alternative medicines in Europe.] Medicinal products from complementary and alternative medicine are in Germany a regular part of the health care system. Herbal, homeopathic, anthroposophic and traditional medicinal products are highly accepted by the population. The German Medicines Act obliged ...

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Concentration gradient generator using a convective-diffusive balance.

June 29th, 2008
Concentration gradient generator using a convective-diffusive balance. Since biomolecular concentration gradients are an important factor in various biological phenomena, many concentration gradient generators utilizing microfluidic techniques have been devised in order to establish stable in vitro biomolecular concentration gradients, each with their own strengths. However, all ...

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Triggering vacuum capillaries for pneumatic pumping and metering liquids in point-of-care immunoassa

June 29th, 2008
Triggering vacuum capillaries for pneumatic pumping and metering liquids in point-of-care immunoassays. An innovative vacuum capillary pneumatic actuation concept that can be used for point-of-care testing has been investigated. The vacuum glass capillaries are encapsulated within a laminated pouch and incorporated into the fluidic card. Vacuum ...

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Potentiometric platform for the quantification of cellular potassium efflux.

June 29th, 2008
Potentiometric platform for the quantification of cellular potassium efflux. Renewed interest in the measurement of cellular K(+) effluxes has been prompted by the observation that potassium plays an active and important role in numerous key cellular events, in particular cell necrosis and apoptosis. Although necrosis and ...

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Fourier transform to analyse reaction-diffusion dynamics in a microsystem.

June 29th, 2008
Fourier transform to analyse reaction-diffusion dynamics in a microsystem. An integrated approach relying on a microsystem is introduced to easily extract, from a single experiment and with a global robust bi-exponential fit, an extensive set of thermodynamic, kinetic, and diffusion parameters governing associations in solution. Estévez-Torres A, ...

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Light-actuated high pressure-resisting microvalve for on-chip flow control based on thermo-responsiv

June 29th, 2008
Light-actuated high pressure-resisting microvalve for on-chip flow control based on thermo-responsive nanostructured polymer. A simple light-actuated microvalve using a quartz halogen illuminator with tungsten filament was introduced to manipulate flow path effectively in micro-total analysis systems, which reduces system complexity and the need for on-chip integration. ...

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Silane-dextran chemistry on lateral flow polymer chips for immunoassays.

June 29th, 2008
Silane-dextran chemistry on lateral flow polymer chips for immunoassays. The prognosis for patients suffering from cardiovascular and many other diseases can be substantially improved if diagnosed at an early stage. High performance diagnostic testing using disposable microfluidic chips can provide a platform for realizing this vision. ...

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Full-field photonic biosensors based on tunable bio-doped sol-gel glasses.

June 29th, 2008
Full-field photonic biosensors based on tunable bio-doped sol-gel glasses. A full-field generic photonic biosensor approach, which relies on a bio-doped polymeric strip waveguide configuration, is described. We show the potential of tailor-made hybrid polymeric materials prepared by sol-gel technology for the fabrication of ultra-compact biosensor devices, ...

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Acoustic resonances in straight micro channels: Beyond the 1D-approximation.

June 29th, 2008
Acoustic resonances in straight micro channels: Beyond the 1D-approximation. Acoustic actuation can be used to perform several tasks in microfluidic systems. In this paper, we investigate an acoustic separator through micro-PIV analysis in stop-flow mode and numerical simulations, and a good agreement between the two is ...

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The change of activation energy in microchannel laminar flow as demonstrated by kinetic analysis of

June 29th, 2008
The change of activation energy in microchannel laminar flow as demonstrated by kinetic analysis of the DNA duplex-coil equilibrium. This paper presents the capability of changing the activation energy of chemical reactions using microchannel laminar flow. Kinetic parameters of the duplex-coil equilibrium of DNA oligomers were ...

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Effect of viscoelasticity on the flow pattern and the volumetric flow rate in electroosmotic flows t

June 29th, 2008
Effect of viscoelasticity on the flow pattern and the volumetric flow rate in electroosmotic flows through a microchannel. Many lab-on-a-chip based microsystems process biofluids such as blood and DNA solutions. These fluids are viscoelastic and show extraordinary flow behaviors, not existing in Newtonian fluids. Adopting appropriate ...

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The influence of membrane ion-permselectivity on electrokinetic concentration enrichment in membrane

June 29th, 2008
The influence of membrane ion-permselectivity on electrokinetic concentration enrichment in membrane-based preconcentration units. The performance of nanoporous hydrogel microplugs with varying surface charge density is described in concentrating charged analytes electrokinetically in a microfluidic device. A neutral hydrogel plug with a mean pore size smaller than ...

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Optimization of sample transfer in two-dimensional microfluidic separation systems.

June 29th, 2008
Optimization of sample transfer in two-dimensional microfluidic separation systems. Multidimensional microfluidic separation systems combining a first dimension microchannel with an array of parallel second dimension microchannels can suffer from non-uniform sample transfer between the dimensions, sample leakage, and injection plug tailing within the second dimension array. ...

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Rapid and variable-volume sample loading in sieving electrophoresis microchips using negative pressu

June 29th, 2008
Rapid and variable-volume sample loading in sieving electrophoresis microchips using negative pressure combined with electrokinetic force. A rapid and variable-volume sample loading scheme for chip-based sieving electrophoresis was developed by negative pressure combined with electrokinetic force. This was achieved by using a low-cost microvacuum pump and ...

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PCR-based detection in a micro-fabricated platform.

June 29th, 2008
PCR-based detection in a micro-fabricated platform. We present a novel, on-chip system for the electrokinetic capture of bacterial cells and their identification using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The system comprises a glass-silicon platform with a set of micro-channels, -chambers, and -electrodes. A platinum thin film ...

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A practical guide to the staggered herringbone mixer.

June 29th, 2008
A practical guide to the staggered herringbone mixer. An analytical model of mixing in the staggered herringbone mixer (SHM) was derived to estimate mixing parameters and provide practical expressions to guide mixer design and operation for a wide range of possible solutes and flow conditions. Mixing ...

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An integrated optofluidic platform for Raman-activated cell sorting.

June 29th, 2008
An integrated optofluidic platform for Raman-activated cell sorting. We report on integrated optofluidic Raman-activated cell sorting (RACS) platforms that combine multichannel microfluidic devices and laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy (LTRS) for delivery, identification, and simultaneous sorting of individual cells. The system allows label-free cell identification based on ...

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Drop-based microfluidic devices for encapsulation of single cells.

June 29th, 2008
Drop-based microfluidic devices for encapsulation of single cells. We use microfluidic devices to encapsulate, incubate, and manipulate individual cells in picoliter aqueous drops in a carrier fluid at rates of up to several hundred Hz. We use a modular approach with individual devices for each function, ...

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Gene transfer device utilizing micron-spiked electrodes produced by the self-organization phenomenon

June 29th, 2008
Gene transfer device utilizing micron-spiked electrodes produced by the self-organization phenomenon of Fe-alloy. In the diffusional phase transformation of two-phase alloys, the new phase precipitates form the matrix phase at specific temperatures, followed by the formation of a mixed microstructure comprising the precipitate and the matrix. ...

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Two simple and rugged designs for creating microfluidic sheath flow.

June 29th, 2008
Two simple and rugged designs for creating microfluidic sheath flow. A simple design capable of 2-dimensional hydrodynamic focusing is proposed and successfully demonstrated. In the past, most microfluidic sheath flow systems have often only confined the sample solution on the sides, leaving the top and bottom ...

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