Medical and Biomedical Researches

An integrated bioconversion process for production of l-lactic acid from starchy potato feedstocks.

June 27th, 2008
An integrated bioconversion process for production of l-lactic acid from starchy potato feedstocks. The potential market for lactic acid as the feedstock for biodegradable polymers, oxygenated chemicals, and specialty chemicals is significant. L-lactic acid is often the desired enantiomer for such applications. However, stereospecific lactobacilli do ...

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The production and properties of a new xylose reductase from fungus : Neurospora crassa.

June 27th, 2008
The production and properties of a new xylose reductase from fungus : Neurospora crassa. Neurospora crassa XI was found to ferment xylose and glucose simultaneously. Xylose was the appropriate inducer for the production of xylose reductase that had two isoenzymes designated as EI and EII. Both ...

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Hydrolysis of cellulose using ternary mixtures of purified celluloses.

June 27th, 2008
Hydrolysis of cellulose using ternary mixtures of purified celluloses. The saccharification of microcrystalline cellulose by reconstituted ternary mixtures of purified cellulases (one endoglucanase and two cellobiohydrolases) has been studied over the entire range of mixture compositions. Ternary plots are used to compare the performance of five ...

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Thermal stability and energy of deactivation of free and immobilized amyloglucosidase in the sacchar

June 27th, 2008
Thermal stability and energy of deactivation of free and immobilized amyloglucosidase in the saccharification of liquefied cassava starch. Amyloglucosidase from Novo (Copenhagen, Denmark) was immobilized in controlled pore silica particles with the silane-glutaraldehyde covalent method. Thermal stability of the free and immobilized enzyme (IE) was determined ...

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Effect of surfactants and zeolites on simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of steam-explod

June 27th, 2008
Effect of surfactants and zeolites on simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of steam-exploded poplar biomass to ethanol. In this work, the effect of the addition of different concentrations of Tween-80 and three different zeolite-like products on enzymatic hydrolysis, ethanol fermentation, and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process ...

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Continuous culture studies of xylose-fermentingZymomonas mobilis.

June 27th, 2008
Continuous culture studies of xylose-fermentingZymomonas mobilis. The continuous cofermentation performance of xylose-fermentingZymomonas mobilis at 30 degrees C and pH 5.5 was characterized using a pure-sugar feed solution that contained 8 g/L glucose and 40 g/L xylose. Successful chemostat start up resulted in complete utilization of glucose ...

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Cloning and sequence analysis of the poly(3-hydroxyalkanoic acid)-synthesis genes ofPseudomonas acid

June 27th, 2008
Cloning and sequence analysis of the poly(3-hydroxyalkanoic acid)-synthesis genes ofPseudomonas acidophila. Pseudomonas acidophila can grow with CO(2) as a sole carbon source by the possession of a recombinant plasmid that clones genes that confer chemolithoautotrophic growth ability derived from the H(2)-oxidizing bacteriumAlcaligenes hydrogenophilus. H(2)-oxidizing bacteria produce ...

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Factors that affect the biosynthesis of xylitol by xylose-fermenting yeasts : A review.

June 27th, 2008
Factors that affect the biosynthesis of xylitol by xylose-fermenting yeasts : A review. Xylitol is a sweetener with important technological properties like anticariogenicity, low caloric value, and negative dissolution heat. Because it can be used successfully in food formulations and pharmaceutical industries, its production is in ...

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Production of l-lactic acid byRhizopus oryzae in a bubble column fermenter.

June 27th, 2008
Production of l-lactic acid byRhizopus oryzae in a bubble column fermenter. Two distinctive forms of growth (mycelial filamentous and mycelial pellets) ofRhizopus oryzae were obtained by manipulating the initial pH of the medium with the controlled addition of CaCO(3) in a bubble fermenter. In the presence ...

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Effect of drying on bioremediation bacteria properties.

June 27th, 2008
Effect of drying on bioremediation bacteria properties. Bioremediation bacteria with drought-resistance characteristics were selected and compared to a collection of 10 strains selected only for their bioremediation properties. Twenty-six strains were selected from dried diesel-polluted soil, and they exhibit a better level of survival during drying, ...

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Improvement of substrate conversion to molecular hydrogen by three-stage cultivation of a photosynth

June 27th, 2008
Improvement of substrate conversion to molecular hydrogen by three-stage cultivation of a photosynthetic bacterium,Rhodovulum sulfidophilum. In photosynthetic bacteria, after transition to light-anaerobic and nitrogen-deficient conditions, hydrogen evolution starts with expression of nitrogenase activity. Until the expression of enough activity,Rhodovulum sulfidophilum consumed substrates and converted them to ...

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Cofermentation of glucose, xylose, and arabinose by mixed cultures of two genetically engineeredZymo

June 27th, 2008
Cofermentation of glucose, xylose, and arabinose by mixed cultures of two genetically engineeredZymomonas mobilis strains. Cofermentation of xylose and arabinose, in addition to glucose, is critical for complete bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass, such as agricultural residues and herbaceous energy crops, to ethanol. A factorial design experiment ...

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Submerged culture screening of two strains ofStreptomyces sp. with high keratinolytic activity.

June 27th, 2008
Submerged culture screening of two strains ofStreptomyces sp. with high keratinolytic activity. Keratinases can be used for the production of potentially important hydrolyzed proteins and chemicals. This study investigated the keratinolytic activity ofStreptomyces sp on keratinaceous materials like wool. High levels of proteolytic and keratinolytic activity ...

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Production and purification of CGTase of alkalophylicBacillus isolated from Brazilian soil.

June 27th, 2008
Production and purification of CGTase of alkalophylicBacillus isolated from Brazilian soil. Alkalophylic bacilli that produce cyclodextringlycosyltransferase (CGTase) were isolated from Brazilian soil, with a scheme of two plating steps. In the first step, the bacterial isolate forms a halo in the cultivation medium that contains gamma-cyclodextrin ...

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Comparative study of xylanase kinetics using dinitrosalicylic, arsenomolybdate, and ion chromatograp

June 27th, 2008
Comparative study of xylanase kinetics using dinitrosalicylic, arsenomolybdate, and ion chromatographic assays. Xylanases are commonly assayed by the dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) or the arsenomolybdate (ARS) method. However, specific activities are many times higher with DNS than with ARS. This is because the DNS assay is more ...

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Broad spectrum and mode of action of an antibiotic produced byScytonema sp. TISTR 8208 in a seaweed-

June 27th, 2008
Broad spectrum and mode of action of an antibiotic produced byScytonema sp. TISTR 8208 in a seaweed-type bioreactor. A photobioreactor was constructed using anchored polyurethane foam strips (1 x 1 x 40 cm) fixed onto a stainless-steel ring to prevent flotation, as a biomass support material ...

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Production of a novel pyranose 2-0xidase by basidiomyceteTrametes multicolor.

June 27th, 2008
Production of a novel pyranose 2-0xidase by basidiomyceteTrametes multicolor. During a screening for the enzyme pyranose 2-oxidase (P2O) which has a great potential as a biocatalyst for carbohydrate transformations, Trametes multicolor was identified as a promising, not-yet-described producer of this particular enzyme activity. Furthermore, it was ...

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Use of hemicellulose hydrolysate for beta-glucosidase fermentation.

June 27th, 2008
Use of hemicellulose hydrolysate for beta-glucosidase fermentation. Hydrolysis of cellulose byTrichoderma cellulases often results in a mixture of glucose, cellobiose, and low-mol-wt cellodextrins. Cellobiose is nonfermentable for most yeasts, and therefore it has to be hydrolyzed to glucose by beta-glucosidase prior to ethanol fermentation. In the ...

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Acetamide degradation by a continuous-fed batch culture ofBacillus sphaericus.

June 27th, 2008
Acetamide degradation by a continuous-fed batch culture ofBacillus sphaericus. The methanogenesis of acetamide occurs through a two-step reaction in methanogenic sludges. First, acetamide is hydrolyzed to acetate and ammonia by a strict aerobic bacterium(Bacillus sphaericus), then acetate is used byBacillus as carbon source or converted to ...

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Isolation, identification, and keratinolytic activity of several feather-degrading bacterial isolate

June 27th, 2008
Isolation, identification, and keratinolytic activity of several feather-degrading bacterial isolates. Several feather-degrading bacterial isolates were isolated from Egyptian soil. These isolates were able to degrade chicken feather, when grown on basal medium containing 1% native feather as a source of energy, carbon, and nitrogen. Feather waste, ...

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ClonedBacillus subtilis alkaline protease (aprA) gene showing high level of keratinolytic activity.

June 27th, 2008
ClonedBacillus subtilis alkaline protease (aprA) gene showing high level of keratinolytic activity. TheBacillus subtilis alkaline protease(aprA) gene was previously cloned on a pUBHO-derivative plasmid. High levels of expression and gene stability were demonstrated whenB. subtilis cells were grown on the laboratory medium 2XSG.B. subtilis cells harboring ...

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A novel fermentation pathway in anEscherichia coli mutant producing succinic acid, acetic acid, and

June 27th, 2008
A novel fermentation pathway in anEscherichia coli mutant producing succinic acid, acetic acid, and ethanol. Escherichia coli strain NZN111, which is unable to grow fermentatively because of insertional inactivation of the genes encoding pyruvate: formate lyase and the fermentative lactate dehydrogenase, gave rise spontaneously to a ...

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Conditions that promote production of lactic acid byZymomonas mobilis in batch and continuous cultur

June 27th, 2008
Conditions that promote production of lactic acid byZymomonas mobilis in batch and continuous culture. This study documents the similar pH-dependent shift in pyruvate metabolism exhibited byZymomonas mobilis ATCC 29191 and ATCC 39676 in response to controlled changes in their steady-state growth environment. The usual high degree ...

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Improving fermentation performance of recombinant zymomonas in acetic acid-containing media.

June 27th, 2008
Improving fermentation performance of recombinant zymomonas in acetic acid-containing media. In the production of ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass, the hydrolysis of the acetylated pentosans in hemicellulose during pretreatment produces acetic acid in the prehydrolysate. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) is currently investigating a simultaneous saccharification ...

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Facilitated Transport of Penicillin G by Bulk Liquid Membrane with TBP as Carrier.

June 27th, 2008
Facilitated Transport of Penicillin G by Bulk Liquid Membrane with TBP as Carrier. The facilitated transport of penicillin G from aqueous solutions to the stripping phase through bulk liquid membrane (BLM) containing TBP in 3% iso-octanol and n-butyl acetate was studied. Na(2)CO(3) solution was used as ...

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