Medical and Biomedical Researches

In vitro and in vivo characterization of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis mutant deficient in glycosyltr

July 3rd, 2008
In vitro and in vivo characterization of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis mutant deficient in glycosyltransferase Rv1500. In Mycobacterium marinum, the homologue of Rv1500 of M. tuberculosis encodes a glycosyltransferase. Initially, it was suggested that this gene is involved in the synthesis of phosphatidylinositol mannosides (PIMs), generating Ac(2)PIM(7) ...

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Late-onset heart failure after myocardial infarction: Trends in incidence and survival.

July 3rd, 2008
Late-onset heart failure after myocardial infarction: Trends in incidence and survival. BACKGROUND: Limited data are available on the epidemiology of heart failure (HF) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We have investigated trends in the incidence and outcome of HF developing more than 28 days after first-ever ...

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Polar residues in a conserved motif spanning helices 1 and 2 are functionally important in the SulP

July 3rd, 2008
Polar residues in a conserved motif spanning helices 1 and 2 are functionally important in the SulP transporter family. The SulP family (including the SLC26 family) is a diverse family of anion transporters found in all domains of life, with different members transporting different anions. We ...

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Neuromelanin-bound ferric iron as an experimental model of dopaminergic neurodegeneration in Parkins

July 3rd, 2008
Neuromelanin-bound ferric iron as an experimental model of dopaminergic neurodegeneration in Parkinson\'s disease. This article briefly reviews findings from studies on neuromelanin (NM)-bound ferric iron, which provide unique insights into the physiological functions of NM and possible pathophysiological mechanisms underlying dopaminergic neuronal cell death in Parkinson\'s ...

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Modeling PD pathogenesis in mice: Advantages of a chronic MPTP protocol.

July 3rd, 2008
Modeling PD pathogenesis in mice: Advantages of a chronic MPTP protocol. Formidable challenges for Parkinson\'s disease (PD) research are to understand the processes underlying nigrostriatal degeneration and how to protect dopamine neurons. Fundamental research relies on good animal models that demonstrate the pathological hallmarks and motor ...

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Strengths and limitations of genetic mouse models of Parkinson’s disease.

July 3rd, 2008
Strengths and limitations of genetic mouse models of Parkinson\'s disease. Genetic mouse models based on alpha-synuclein overexpression are particularly compelling because abnormal accumulation of alpha-synuclein occurs in sporadic Parkinson\'s disease (PD). Our laboratory has characterized a mouse overexpressing wild-type human alpha-synuclein under the Thy1 promoter, which ...

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Partial agonist actions at dopamine D(2L) receptors are modified by co-transfection of D(3) receptor

July 3rd, 2008
Partial agonist actions at dopamine D(2L) receptors are modified by co-transfection of D(3) receptors: Potential role of heterodimer formation. The effects of aripiprazole, S33592, bifeprunox, N-desmethylclozapine and preclamol acting as partial agonists on recombinant D(2L) and D(3) receptors expressed both separately and concomitantly in COS-7 cells ...

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Proteomics as a tool to investigate cell models for dopamine toxicity.

July 3rd, 2008
Proteomics as a tool to investigate cell models for dopamine toxicity. Dopaminergic neurons are particularly exposed to oxidative stress because dopamine metabolism gives rise to endogenous toxins. Here, two different models for dopamine toxicity have been investigated using proteomics: stable alpha-synuclein-expressing neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells to understand ...

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Dopamine/adenosine interactions related to locomotion and tremor in animal models: Possible relevanc

July 3rd, 2008
Dopamine/adenosine interactions related to locomotion and tremor in animal models: Possible relevance to parkinsonism. Adenosine A(2A) antagonists can exert antiparkinsonian effects in animal models. Recent experiments studied the ability of MSX-3 (an adenosine A(2A) antagonist) to reverse the locomotor suppression and tremor produced by dopamine antagonists ...

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Trace amine associated receptor 1 and movement control.

July 3rd, 2008
Trace amine associated receptor 1 and movement control. The recently discovered trace amine associated receptors (TAARs) represent attractive potential mediators of certain aspects of movement control. The TAAR that is best characterized, TAAR1, is particularly interesting because it can be activated by a variety of monoaminergic ...

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Experimental studies of pedunculopontine functions: Are they motor, sensory or integrative?

July 3rd, 2008
Experimental studies of pedunculopontine functions: Are they motor, sensory or integrative? The pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg) is involved in Parkinson\'s disease and has become a therapeutic target. However, its normal functions are uncertain: are they motor, sensory or integrative? This position paper reviews PPTg structure and ...

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Genomic aspects of sporadic Parkinson’s disease.

July 3rd, 2008
Genomic aspects of sporadic Parkinson\'s disease. Parkinson\'s disease (PD) is thought to be associated with oxidative stress mechanisms, as well as with glutamate receptor abnormalities, ubiquitin-proteasome dysfunction, inflammatory and cytokine activation, dysfunction in neurotrophic factors, damage to mitochondria, cytoskeletal abnormalities, synaptic dysfunction and activation of apoptotic ...

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Optical characterization of acceleration-induced strain fields in inhomogeneous brain slices.

July 3rd, 2008
Optical characterization of acceleration-induced strain fields in inhomogeneous brain slices. The aim of this study was to measure high-resolution strain fields in planar sections of brain tissue during translational acceleration to obtain validation data for numerical simulations. Slices were made from fresh, porcine brain tissue, and ...

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Mathematical model to simulate the extracellular myoelectrical activity of the cat colon.

July 3rd, 2008
Mathematical model to simulate the extracellular myoelectrical activity of the cat colon. The rationale of this study was to investigate if the bases of generation of the electrical activity of the whole gut are the same. For this reason, we developed a mathematical dipole model, based ...

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Ultrasound-promoted greener synthesis of aryl-14-H-dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes catalyzed by NH(4)H(2)PO(4)

July 3rd, 2008
Ultrasound-promoted greener synthesis of aryl-14-H-dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes catalyzed by NH(4)H(2)PO(4)/SiO(2) in water. Silica supported ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH(4)H(2)PO(4)/SiO(2)) is found to be a recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for a rapid and efficient synthesis of various aryl-14-H-dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes with excellent yields using ultrasonic irradiation. The present methodology offers several advantages such ...

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Adsorption kinetics of 4-chlorophenol onto granular activated carbon in the presence of high frequen

July 3rd, 2008
Adsorption kinetics of 4-chlorophenol onto granular activated carbon in the presence of high frequency ultrasound. This work describes the results of investigations carried out to examine the adsorption kinetics of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) from aqueous solution containing tert-butyl alcohol (10%, v/v) onto granular activated carbon (GAC) in ...

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[Results of surgical treatment in simple syndactily using a commissural dorsal flap. About 54 proced

July 3rd, 2008
[Results of surgical treatment in simple syndactily using a commissural dorsal flap. About 54 procedures.] OBJECTIVE: The authors evaluate their results of congenital syndactyly correction using a classic commisural dorsal flap technique and full thickness skin grafts to cover the lateral and medial aspect of the ...

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Impact of low frequency pulsed magnetic fields on pain intensity, quality of life and sleep disturba

July 3rd, 2008
Impact of low frequency pulsed magnetic fields on pain intensity, quality of life and sleep disturbances in patients with painful diabetic polyneuropathy. AIM: The aim of this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study was to assess whether a low frequency magnetic field can influence pain intensity, quality of ...

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Nitric oxide modulates the frog heart ventricle morphodynamics.

July 3rd, 2008
Nitric oxide modulates the frog heart ventricle morphodynamics. The aim of this work was to investigate in the avascular heart of the frog Rana esculenta the influence of nitric oxide (NO) on ventricular systolic and diastolic functions by using a novel image analysis technique. The external ...

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Childhood acute and chronic immune-mediated polyradiculoneuropathies.

July 3rd, 2008
Childhood acute and chronic immune-mediated polyradiculoneuropathies. Immune-mediated polyradiculoneuropathies are divided into Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP). In children subacute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy is included in CIDP. Immune polyradiculoneuropathies are not exclusively demyelinating, and axonal forms also responding favourably to immunotherapy occur. Evidence-based ...

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Spatial monitoring of gene activity in extraradical and intraradical developmental stages of arbuscu

July 3rd, 2008
Spatial monitoring of gene activity in extraradical and intraradical developmental stages of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi by direct fluorescent in situ RT-PCR. Gene expression profiling based on tissue extracts gives only limited information about genes associated with complex developmental processes such as those implicated in fungal interactions ...

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Ustilago maydis secondary metabolism-From genomics to biochemistry.

July 3rd, 2008
Ustilago maydis secondary metabolism-From genomics to biochemistry. The dimorphic phytopathogenic fungus Ustilago maydis encounters different environments during its life cycle. As free-living unicellular haploid cell, the fungus must compete with other microorganisms for space and nutrients. As a pathogen, it also has to withstand the defense ...

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Molecular Antagonism and Plasticity of Regulatory and Inflammatory T Cell Programs.

July 3rd, 2008
Molecular Antagonism and Plasticity of Regulatory and Inflammatory T Cell Programs. Regulatory T (Treg) and T helper 17 (Th17) cells were recently proposed to be reciprocally regulated during differentiation. To understand the underlying mechanisms, we utilized a Th17 reporter mouse with a red fluorescent protein (RFP) ...

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Thymic Selection Determines gammadelta T Cell Effector Fate: Antigen-Naive Cells Make Interleukin-17

July 3rd, 2008
Thymic Selection Determines gammadelta T Cell Effector Fate: Antigen-Naive Cells Make Interleukin-17 and Antigen-Experienced Cells Make Interferon gamma. gammadelta T cells uniquely contribute to host immune defense, but how this is accomplished remains unclear. Here, we analyzed the nonclassical major histocompatibility complex class I T10 and ...

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The range of glenohumeral joint motion in activities of daily living after rotator cuff repair: A ca

July 3rd, 2008
The range of glenohumeral joint motion in activities of daily living after rotator cuff repair: A cadaveric biomechanical study. This study was conducted to quantify the restriction of glenohumeral motion and activities of daily living (ADL) after rotator cuff repair. Eight fresh cadaveric shoulders were used. ...

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