Medical and Biomedical Researches

Cortical plasticity induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation during wakefulness affects electroe

June 27th, 2008
Cortical plasticity induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation during wakefulness affects electroencephalogram activity during sleep. BACKGROUND: Sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) brain oscillations in the low-frequency range show local signs of homeostatic regulation after learning. Such increases and decreases of slow wave activity are limited to the cortical regions ...

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B-MYB is essential for normal cell cycle progression and chromosomal stability of embryonic stem cel

June 27th, 2008
B-MYB is essential for normal cell cycle progression and chromosomal stability of embryonic stem cells. BACKGROUND: The transcription factor B-Myb is present in all proliferating cells, and in mice engineered to remove this gene, embryos die in utero just after implantation due to inner cell mass ...

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Derivation of chondrogenically-committed cells from human embryonic cells for cartilage tissue regen

June 27th, 2008
Derivation of chondrogenically-committed cells from human embryonic cells for cartilage tissue regeneration. BACKGROUND: Heterogeneous and uncontrolled differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in embryoid bodies (EBs) limits the potential use of hESCs for cell-based therapies. More efficient strategies are needed for the commitment and differentiation ...

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A regulatory role for NBS1 in strand-specific mutagenesis during somatic hypermutation.

June 27th, 2008
A regulatory role for NBS1 in strand-specific mutagenesis during somatic hypermutation. Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is believed to initiate somatic hypermutation (SHM) by deamination of deoxycytidines to deoxyuridines within the immunoglobulin variable regions genes. The deaminated bases can subsequently be replicated over, processed by base excision ...

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Dopamine agonist increases risk taking but blunts reward-related brain activity.

June 27th, 2008
Dopamine agonist increases risk taking but blunts reward-related brain activity. The use of D2/D3 dopaminergic agonists in Parkinson\'s disease (PD) may lead to pathological gambling. In a placebo-controlled double-blind study in healthy volunteers, we observed riskier choices in a lottery task after administration of the D3 ...

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Generation of small 32P-labeled peptides as a potential approach to colorectal cancer therapy.

June 27th, 2008
Generation of small 32P-labeled peptides as a potential approach to colorectal cancer therapy. Cancers have been revealed to be extremely heterogenous in terms of the frequency and types of mutations present in cells from different malignant tumors. Thus, it is likely that uniform clinical treatment is ...

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The WSB1 gene is involved in pancreatic cancer progression.

June 27th, 2008
The WSB1 gene is involved in pancreatic cancer progression. BACKGROUND: Pancreatic cancer cells generate metastases because they can survive the stress imposed by the new environment of the host tissue. To mimic this process, pancreatic cancer cells which are not stressed in standard culture conditions are ...

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Repression of RNA polymerase II transcription by a Drosophila oligopeptide.

June 27th, 2008
Repression of RNA polymerase II transcription by a Drosophila oligopeptide. BACKGROUND: Germline progenitors resist signals that promote differentiation into somatic cells. This occurs through the transient repression in primordial germ cells of RNA polymerase II, specifically by disrupting Ser2 phosphorylation on its C-terminal domain. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: ...

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Effects of ferumoxides-protamine sulfate labeling on immunomodulatory characteristics of macrophage-

June 27th, 2008
Effects of ferumoxides-protamine sulfate labeling on immunomodulatory characteristics of macrophage-like THP-1 cells. Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide (SPIO) complexed with cationic transfection agent is used to label various mammalian cells. Labeled cells can then be utilized as an in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probes. However, certain number ...

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Butyrate transcriptionally enhances peptide transporter PepT1 expression and activity.

June 27th, 2008
Butyrate transcriptionally enhances peptide transporter PepT1 expression and activity. BACKGROUND: PepT1, an intestinal epithelial apical di/tripeptide transporter, is normally expressed in the small intestine and induced in colon during chronic inflammation. This study aimed at investigating PepT1 regulation by butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid produced by ...

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Cyclic Disulfides as Functional Mimics of the Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor FK-228.

June 27th, 2008
Cyclic Disulfides as Functional Mimics of the Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor FK-228. FK-228 is a potent histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor with tremendous therapeutic potential against a wide array of human cancers. We describe the development of analogs that share FK-228\'s novel mechanism of activation and HDAC inhibition. Mays ...

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Total Synthesis of Amphidinolide E and Amphidinolide E Stereoisomers.

June 27th, 2008
Total Synthesis of Amphidinolide E and Amphidinolide E Stereoisomers. Four amphidinolide E stereoisomers, amphidinolide E (1), 2-epi-amphidinolide E (2), 19-epi-amphidinolide E (3), and 2-epi-19-epi-amphidinolide E (4), have been synthesized via the judicious union of aldehyde 5, allylsilanes 7 or 8, acids 9 or 10, and vinylstannane ...

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Studies toward the synthesis of phomactin A. An approach to the macrocyclic core.

June 27th, 2008
Studies toward the synthesis of phomactin A. An approach to the macrocyclic core. An approach to the macrocyclic core of phomactin A is described. Central to this strategy is the use of a cis-fused oxadecalin intermediate, prepared using the dihydropyrone Diels-Alder reaction. The conformational bias inherent ...

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Miniaturized probe for femtosecond laser microsurgery and two-photon imaging.

June 27th, 2008
Miniaturized probe for femtosecond laser microsurgery and two-photon imaging. Combined two-photon fluorescence microscopy and femtosecond laser microsurgery has many potential biomedical applications as a powerful \"seek-and-treat\" tool. Towards developing such a tool, we demonstrate a miniaturized probe which combines these techniques in a compact housing. The ...

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Low-loss polarization-maintaining fusion splicing of single-mode fibers and hollow-core photonic cry

June 27th, 2008
Low-loss polarization-maintaining fusion splicing of single-mode fibers and hollow-core photonic crystal fibers, relevant for monolithic fiber laser pulse compression. We report on highly reproducible low-loss fusion splicing of polarization-maintaining single-mode fibers (PM-SMFs) and hollow-core photonic crystal fibers (HC-PCFs). The PM-SMF-to-HC-PCF splices are characterized by the loss ...

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SHG in doped GaSe:In crystals.

June 27th, 2008
SHG in doped GaSe:In crystals. Optical transmission range and phase matching (PM) conditions for second harmonic generation (SHG) of Er3+:YSGG and CO2 laser in indium doped GaSe:In(0.1, 1.23, 2.32 mass%) are studied in comparison with these in pure and sulfur doped GaSe:S(0.09, 0.5, 2.2, 3 mass%) ...

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High-efficiency, ultra low-noise all-fiber photon-pair source.

June 27th, 2008
High-efficiency, ultra low-noise all-fiber photon-pair source. We demonstrate an all-fiber photon-pair source with the highest coincidence-to-accidental ratio (CAR) reported to date in the fiber-optic telecom C-band. We achieve this through careful optimization of pairproduction efficiency as well as careful characterization and minimization of all sources of ...

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Comparison and validation of point spread models for imaging in natural waters.

June 27th, 2008
Comparison and validation of point spread models for imaging in natural waters. It is known that scattering by particulates within natural waters is the main cause of the blur in underwater images. Underwater images can be better restored or enhanced with knowledge of the point spread ...

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SHG phase matching in GaSe and mixed GaSe1(1-x)S(x), x < or =0.412, crystals at room temperature.

June 27th, 2008
SHG phase matching in GaSe and mixed GaSe1(1-x)S(x), x < or =0.412, crystals at room temperature. The optical properties of p-type GaSe and mixed GaSe(1-x)S(x), x=0.04, 0.023, 0.090, 0.133, 0.175, 0.216, 0.256, 0.362, 0.369, and 0.412, crystals were studied to reveal the potentials for phase matching ...

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Resonant photon tunneling via surface plasmon polaritons through one-dimensional metal-dielectric me

June 27th, 2008
Resonant photon tunneling via surface plasmon polaritons through one-dimensional metal-dielectric metamaterials. We report resonant photon tunneling (RPT) through one-dimensional metamaterials consisting of alternating layers of metal and dielectric. RPT via a surface plasmon polariton state permits evanescent light waves with large wavenumbers to be conveyed through ...

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High speed hybrid silicon evanescent electroabsorption modulator.

June 27th, 2008
High speed hybrid silicon evanescent electroabsorption modulator. A new way to make high speed modulators using Si waveguides is demonstrated. The hybrid silicon evanescent electroabsorption modulator with offset AlGaInAs quantum wells has an extinction ratio over 10 dB and modulation bandwidth of 10 GHz. The modulator ...

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Polarization-sensitive reflectance imaging in skeletal muscle.

June 27th, 2008
Polarization-sensitive reflectance imaging in skeletal muscle. We acquired polarization-sensitive reflectance images in freshly excised skeletal muscle samples. The obtained raw images varied depending on the incident and detection polarization states. The Stokes vectors were measured for incident light of four different polarization states, and the whole ...

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Individually-addressable flip-chip AlInGaN micropixelated light emitting diode arrays with high cont

June 27th, 2008
Individually-addressable flip-chip AlInGaN micropixelated light emitting diode arrays with high continuous and nanosecond output power. Micropixelated blue (470 nm) and ultraviolet (370 nm) AlInGaN light emitting diode (\'micro-LED\') arrays have been fabricated in flip-chip format with different pixel diameters (72 microm and 30 microm at, respectively, ...

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Tight focusing of laser beams in a lambda/2-microcavity.

June 27th, 2008
Tight focusing of laser beams in a lambda/2-microcavity. We evaluate the field distribution in the focal spot of the fundamental Gaussian beam as well as radially and azimuthally polarized doughnut beams focused inside a planar metallic sub-wavelength microcavity using a high numerical aperture objective lens. We ...

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Light propagation in dry and wet softwood.

June 27th, 2008
Light propagation in dry and wet softwood. Light propagation in dry and wet softwood (silver fir) was investigated experimentally and theoretically. The spatially and time resolved reflectance from softwood was measured. Light propagation was modeled with Monte Carlo simulations considering the microstructure of softwood. By comparing ...

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