Medical and Biomedical Researches

Proteomic modeling for HIV-1 infected microglia-astrocyte crosstalk.

June 27th, 2008
Proteomic modeling for HIV-1 infected microglia-astrocyte crosstalk. BACKGROUND: HIV-1-infected and immune competent brain mononuclear phagocytes (MP; macrophages and microglia) secrete cellular and viral toxins that affect neuronal damage during advanced disease. In contrast, astrocytes can affect disease by modulating the nervous system\'s microenvironment. Interestingly, little is ...

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Heterosubtypic protection against pathogenic human and avian influenza viruses via in vivo electropo

June 27th, 2008
Heterosubtypic protection against pathogenic human and avian influenza viruses via in vivo electroporation of synthetic consensus DNA antigens. BACKGROUND: The persistent evolution of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) highlights the need for novel vaccination techniques that can quickly and effectively respond to emerging viral threats. We ...

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Depletion of Plasmodium berghei plasmoredoxin reveals a non-essential role for life cycle progressio

June 27th, 2008
Depletion of Plasmodium berghei plasmoredoxin reveals a non-essential role for life cycle progression of the malaria parasite. Proliferation of the pathogenic Plasmodium asexual blood stages in host erythrocytes requires an exquisite capacity to protect the malaria parasite against oxidative stress. This function is achieved by a ...

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Role of X11 and ubiquilin as in vivo regulators of the amyloid precursor protein in Drosophila.

June 27th, 2008
Role of X11 and ubiquilin as in vivo regulators of the amyloid precursor protein in Drosophila. The Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) undergoes sequential proteolytic cleavages through the action of beta- and gamma-secretase, which result in the generation of toxic beta-amyloid (Abeta) peptides and a C-terminal fragment ...

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Epilepsy in Dcx knockout mice associated with discrete lamination defects and enhanced excitability

June 27th, 2008
Epilepsy in Dcx knockout mice associated with discrete lamination defects and enhanced excitability in the hippocampus. Patients with Doublecortin (DCX) mutations have severe cortical malformations associated with mental retardation and epilepsy. Dcx knockout (KO) mice show no major isocortical abnormalities, but have discrete hippocampal defects. We ...

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Novel peptide marker corresponding to salivary protein gSG6 potentially identifies exposure to Anoph

June 27th, 2008
Novel peptide marker corresponding to salivary protein gSG6 potentially identifies exposure to Anopheles bites. BACKGROUND: In order to improve malaria control, and under the aegis of WHO recommendations, many efforts are being devoted to developing new tools for identifying geographic areas with high risk of parasite ...

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Macrophage and T-Cell Gene Expression in a Model of Early Infection with the Protozoan Leishmania ch

June 27th, 2008
Macrophage and T-Cell Gene Expression in a Model of Early Infection with the Protozoan Leishmania chagasi. Visceral leishmaniasis is a potentially fatal infectious disease caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania infantum/chagasi in the New World, or by L. donovani or L. infantum/chagasi in the Old World. ...

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Tbx6 regulates left/right patterning in mouse embryos through effects on nodal cilia and perinodal s

June 27th, 2008
Tbx6 regulates left/right patterning in mouse embryos through effects on nodal cilia and perinodal signaling. BACKGROUND: The determination of left/right body axis during early embryogenesis sets up a developmental cascade that coordinates the development of the viscera and is essential to the correct placement and alignment ...

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Climate extremes promote fatal co-infections during canine distemper epidemics in African lions.

June 27th, 2008
Climate extremes promote fatal co-infections during canine distemper epidemics in African lions. Extreme climatic conditions may alter historic host-pathogen relationships and synchronize the temporal and spatial convergence of multiple infectious agents, triggering epidemics with far greater mortality than those due to single pathogens. Here we present ...

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Inequalities in oral health for children with disabilities: a French national survey in special scho

June 27th, 2008
Inequalities in oral health for children with disabilities: a French national survey in special schools. BACKGROUND: Despite wide recognition that children with disability often have poor oral health, few high quality, controlled results are available. METHOD: Twenty-four objective and subjective criteria covering feeding, autonomy, access to ...

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Increased avian diversity is associated with lower incidence of human West Nile infection: observati

June 27th, 2008
Increased avian diversity is associated with lower incidence of human West Nile infection: observation of the dilution effect. Recent infectious disease models illustrate a suite of mechanisms that can result in lower incidence of disease in areas of higher disease host diversity--the \'dilution effect\'. These models ...

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On the action of cyclosporine A, rapamycin and tacrolimus on M. avium including subspecies paratuber

June 27th, 2008
On the action of cyclosporine A, rapamycin and tacrolimus on M. avium including subspecies paratuberculosis. BACKGROUND: Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) may be zoonotic. Recently the \"immuno-modulators\" methotrexate, azathioprine and 6-MP and the \"anti-inflammatory\" 5-ASA have been shown to inhibit MAP growth in vitro. We concluded ...

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Immunity against HIV/AIDS, Malaria, and Tuberculosis during Co-Infections with Neglected Infectious

June 27th, 2008
Immunity against HIV/AIDS, Malaria, and Tuberculosis during Co-Infections with Neglected Infectious Diseases: Recommendations for the European Union Research Priorities. Author SummaryInfectious diseases remain a major health and socioeconomic problem in many low-income countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. For many years, the three most devastating diseases, HIV/AIDS, ...

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A unique carrier for delivery of therapeutic compounds beyond the blood-brain barrier.

June 27th, 2008
A unique carrier for delivery of therapeutic compounds beyond the blood-brain barrier. BACKGROUND: Therapeutic intervention in many neurological diseases is thwarted by the physical obstacle formed by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) that excludes most drugs from entering the brain from the blood. Thus, identifying efficacious modes ...

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Mapping health literacy research in the European Union: a bibliometric analysis.

June 27th, 2008
Mapping health literacy research in the European Union: a bibliometric analysis. BACKGROUND: To examine and compare the research productivity on selected fields related to health literacy of the current members of the European Union, the four candidate countries waiting to join the EU, Norway, Switzerland, and ...

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Genome-wide compensatory changes accompany drug- selected mutations in the Plasmodium falciparum crt

June 27th, 2008
Genome-wide compensatory changes accompany drug- selected mutations in the Plasmodium falciparum crt gene. Mutations in PfCRT (Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine-resistant transporter), particularly the substitution at amino acid position 76, confer chloroquine (CQ) resistance in P. falciparum. Point mutations in the homolog of the mammalian multidrug resistance gene ...

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Germline mutation in RNASEL predicts increased risk of head and neck, uterine cervix and breast canc

June 27th, 2008
Germline mutation in RNASEL predicts increased risk of head and neck, uterine cervix and breast cancer. THE BACKGROUND: Ribonuclease L (RNASEL), encoding the 2\'-5\'-oligoadenylate (2-5A)-dependent RNase L, is a key enzyme in the interferon induced antiviral and anti-proliferate pathway. Mutations in RNASEL segregate with the disease ...

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Silencing of keratinocyte growth factor receptor restores 5-fluorouracil and tamoxifen efficacy on r

June 27th, 2008
Silencing of keratinocyte growth factor receptor restores 5-fluorouracil and tamoxifen efficacy on responsive cancer cells. BACKGROUND: Keratinocyte growth factor receptor (KGFR) is a splice variant of the FGFR2 gene expressed in epithelial cells. Activation of KGFR is a key factor in the regulation of physiological processes ...

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Microbial translocation is associated with increased monocyte activation and dementia in AIDS patien

June 27th, 2008
Microbial translocation is associated with increased monocyte activation and dementia in AIDS patients. Elevated plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an indicator of microbial translocation from the gut, is a likely cause of systemic immune activation in chronic HIV infection. LPS induces monocyte activation and trafficking into brain, which ...

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Nitric oxide mediates stretch-induced Ca2+ release via activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-A

June 27th, 2008
Nitric oxide mediates stretch-induced Ca2+ release via activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt pathway in smooth muscle. BACKGROUND: Hollow smooth muscle organs such as the bladder undergo significant changes in wall tension associated with filling and distension, with attendant changes in muscle tone. Our previous study indicated that ...

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Immunological responses elicited by different infection regimes with Strongyloides ratti.

June 27th, 2008
Immunological responses elicited by different infection regimes with Strongyloides ratti. Nematode infections are a ubiquitous feature of vertebrate life. In nature, such nematode infections are acquired by continued exposure to infective stages over a prolonged period of time. By contrast, experimental laboratory infections are typically induced ...

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Density of common complex ocular traits in the aging eye: analysis of secondary traits in genome-wid

June 27th, 2008
Density of common complex ocular traits in the aging eye: analysis of secondary traits in genome-wide association studies. Genetic association studies are identifying genetic risks for common complex ocular traits such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The subjects used for discovery of these loci have been ...

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Cortical layer 1 and layer 2/3 astrocytes exhibit distinct calcium dynamics in vivo.

June 27th, 2008
Cortical layer 1 and layer 2/3 astrocytes exhibit distinct calcium dynamics in vivo. Cumulative evidence supports bidirectional interactions between astrocytes and neurons, suggesting glial involvement of neuronal information processing in the brain. Cytosolic calcium (Ca(2+)) concentration is important for astrocytes as Ca(2+) surges co-occur with gliotransmission ...

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The target selective neural response–similarity, ambiguity, and learning effects.

June 27th, 2008
The target selective neural response--similarity, ambiguity, and learning effects. A network of frontal and parietal brain regions is commonly recruited during tasks that require the deliberate \'top-down\' control of thought and action. Previously, using simple target detection, we have demonstrated that within this frontoparietal network, the ...

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Simultaneous assessment of soil microbial community structure and function through analysis of the m

June 27th, 2008
Simultaneous assessment of soil microbial community structure and function through analysis of the meta-transcriptome. BACKGROUND: Soil ecosystems harbor the most complex prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbial communities on Earth. Experimental approaches studying these systems usually focus on either the soil community\'s taxonomic structure or its functional characteristics. ...

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