Medical and Biomedical Researches

Production of Hemicellulose- and Cellulose-Degrading enzymes by various strains ofSclerotium Rolfsii

June 27th, 2008
Production of Hemicellulose- and Cellulose-Degrading enzymes by various strains ofSclerotium Rolfsii. A number of wild-type isolates ofSclerotium rolfsii were screened for their capacity to produce lignocellulolytic enzymes when grown on a cellulose-based medium.S. rolfsii proved to be an efficient producer of hemicellulolytic enzymes under the conditions ...

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Simultaneous enzymatic synthesis of gluconic Acid and sorbitol : production, purification, and appli

June 27th, 2008
Simultaneous enzymatic synthesis of gluconic Acid and sorbitol : production, purification, and application of glucose-fructose oxidoreductase and gluconolactonase. With regard to the enzymatic synthesis of sorbitol and gluconic acid, a screening was carried out to identify promising producers of glucosefructose oxidoreductase (GFOR) and gluconolactonase (GL).Zymomonas mobilis ...

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Reaction Engineering Aspects of alpha-l,4-D-Glucan Phosphorylase Catalysis : Comparison of Plant and

June 27th, 2008
Reaction Engineering Aspects of alpha-l,4-D-Glucan Phosphorylase Catalysis : Comparison of Plant and Bacterial Enzymes for the Continuous Synthesis of D-Glucose-1 -Phosphate. Some important process properties of alpha-l,4-D-ghican phosphorylases isolated from the bacteriumCorynebacterium callunae and potato tubers (Solatium tuberosum) were compared. Apart from minor differences in their ...

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Expression ofAscaris suum malic enzyme in a mutantEscherichia coli allows production of succinic aci

June 27th, 2008
Expression ofAscaris suum malic enzyme in a mutantEscherichia coli allows production of succinic acid from glucose. The malic enzyme gene ofAscaris suum was cloned into the vector pTRC99a in two forms encoding alternative arnino-termini. The resulting plasmids, pMEAl and pMEA2, were introduced intoEscherichia coli NZN111, a ...

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Oxygen sensitivity of algal H(2)- production.

June 27th, 2008
Oxygen sensitivity of algal H(2)- production. Photoproduction of H(2) by green algae utilizes electrons originating from the photosynthetic oxidation of water and does not require metabolic intermediates. However, algal hydrogenases are extremely sensitive to O(2), which limits their usefulness in future commercial H(2)-production systems. We designed ...

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Production of 2,3- butanediol from pretreated corn cob byKlebsiella oxytoca in the presence of funga

June 27th, 2008
Production of 2,3- butanediol from pretreated corn cob byKlebsiella oxytoca in the presence of fungal cellulase. A simple and effective method of treatment of lignocellulosic material was used for the preparation of corn cob for the production of 2,3-butanediol byKlebsiella oxytoca ATCC 8724 in a simultaneous ...

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Production of Xylitol from D-Xylose byDebaryomyces hansenii.

June 27th, 2008
Production of Xylitol from D-Xylose byDebaryomyces hansenii. Xylitol, a naturally occurring five-carbon sugar alcohol, can be produced from D-xylose through microbial hydrogenation. Xylitol has found increasing use in the food industries, especially in confectionary. It is the only so-called \"second-generation polyol sweeteners\" that is allowed to ...

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Diminished Respirative Growth and Enhanced Assimilative Sugar Uptake Result in Higher Specific Ferme

June 27th, 2008
Diminished Respirative Growth and Enhanced Assimilative Sugar Uptake Result in Higher Specific Fermentation Rates by the MutantPichia stipitis FPL-061. A mutant strain ofPichia stipitis, FPL-061, was obtained by selecting for growth on L-xylose in the presence of respiratory inhibitors. The specific fermentation rate of FPL-061, was ...

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Regulation of phosphotransferases in glucose- and xylose-fermenting yeasts.

June 27th, 2008
Regulation of phosphotransferases in glucose- and xylose-fermenting yeasts. This research examined the titers of hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase (PFK), and xylulokinase (XUK) inSaccharomyces cerevisiae and two xylose fermenting yeasts,Pachysolen tannophilus andCandida shehatae, following shifts in carbon source and aeration. Xylose-grown C.shehatae, glucose-grownP. tannophilus, and glucose-grownS. cerevisiae, had ...

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Glucoamylase isoenzymes tailoring through medium composition.

June 27th, 2008
Glucoamylase isoenzymes tailoring through medium composition. Two major glucoamylase isoenzymes (GAI and GAII) have been identified in culture supernatants ofAspergillus awamori. It has been suggested that a stepwise degradation of a native enzyme during the fermentation by proteases and/or glucosidases results in the formation of isoenzymes ...

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A stable lipase fromCandida lipolytica : Cultivation conditions and crude enzyme characteristics.

June 27th, 2008
A stable lipase fromCandida lipolytica : Cultivation conditions and crude enzyme characteristics. Although Upases have been intensively studied, some aspects of enzyme production like substrate uptake, catabolite repression, and enzyme stability under long storage periods are seldom discussed in the literature. This work deals with the ...

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Preprocessed barley, rye, and triticale as a feedstock for an integrated fuel ethanol-feedlot plant.

June 27th, 2008
Preprocessed barley, rye, and triticale as a feedstock for an integrated fuel ethanol-feedlot plant. Rye, triticale, and barley were evaluated as starch feedstock to replace wheat for ethanol production. Preprocessing of grain by abrasion on a Satake mill reduced fiber and increased starch concentrations in feedstock ...

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Two-phase model of hydrolysis kinetics and its applications to anaerobic degradation of particulate

June 27th, 2008
Two-phase model of hydrolysis kinetics and its applications to anaerobic degradation of particulate organic matter. The various equations of hydrolysis kinetics included into the generalized simulation model (METHANE) were tested on the anaerobic digestion of cellulose, sludge, and cattle manure. The good agreement between the model ...

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Preliminary study of the pyrolysis of steam classified municipal solid waste.

June 27th, 2008
Preliminary study of the pyrolysis of steam classified municipal solid waste. Steam classified municipal solid waste (MSW) has been studied for use as a combustion fuel, feedstock for composting, and cellulytic enzyme hydrolysis. A preliminary study has been conducted using a prototype plasma arc pyrolysis system ...

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Ammonia recycled percolation as a complementary pretreatment to the dilute-acid process.

June 27th, 2008
Ammonia recycled percolation as a complementary pretreatment to the dilute-acid process. A two-stage dilute-acid percolation (DA) was investigated as a pretreatment method for switchgrass. With use of extremely low acid (0.078 wt% sulfuric acid) under moderate temperature (145-170 degrees C), hemicellulose in switchgrass was completely solubilized ...

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Lime pretreatment of switchgrass.

June 27th, 2008
Lime pretreatment of switchgrass. Lime (calcium hydroxide) was used as a pretreatment agent to enhance the enzymatic digestibility of switchgrass. After studying many conditions, the recommended pretreatment conditions are: time = 2 h, temperature = 100 degrees C and 120 degrees C, lime loading = 0.1 ...

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Microbial oxidation of mixtures of methylmercaptan and hydrogen sulfide.

June 27th, 2008
Microbial oxidation of mixtures of methylmercaptan and hydrogen sulfide. Refinery spent-sulfidic caustic, containing only inorganic sulfides, has previously been shown to be amenable to biotreatment withThiobacillus denitrificans strain F with complete oxidation of sulfides to sulfate. However, many spent caustics contain mercaptans that cannot be metabolized ...

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Pulp bleaching using laccase from trametes versicolor under high temperature and alkaline conditions

June 27th, 2008
Pulp bleaching using laccase from trametes versicolor under high temperature and alkaline conditions. Kraft pulp was delignified using laccase produced by the white rot fungusTrametes versicolor immobilized in solid support under specific conditions. The stability tests showed that this enzyme was stable for 6 h at ...

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In vitro degradation of insoluble lignin in aqueous media by lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxid

June 27th, 2008
In vitro degradation of insoluble lignin in aqueous media by lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase. The abilities of lignin peroxidase (LIP) and manganese peroxidase (MNP) fromPhanerochaete chrysosporium to degrade an insoluble hardwood lignin in vitro in aqueous media were tested. Neither LIP nor MNP appreciably changed ...

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Production and characterization ofPhanerochaete chrysosporium lignin peroxidases for pulp bleaching.

June 27th, 2008
Production and characterization ofPhanerochaete chrysosporium lignin peroxidases for pulp bleaching. The production of lignin peroxidase fromPhanerochaete chrysosporium was studied using immobilized mycelia in nylon-web cubes in semicontinuous fermentation using glucose pulses or ammonium tartrate pulses. Consistent enzyme production was achieved when glucose pulses were used, leading ...

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Efficient production of mannan-degrading enzymes by the basidiomyceteSclerotium rolfsii.

June 27th, 2008
Efficient production of mannan-degrading enzymes by the basidiomyceteSclerotium rolfsii. Sclerotium rolfsii CBS 191.62 was cultivated on a number of carbon (C) sources, including mono- and disaccharides, as well as on polysaccharides, to study the formation of different mannan-degrading enzyme activities. Highest levels of mannanase activity were ...

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Accumulation of biodegradable copolyesters of 3-hydroxy-butyrate and 3-hydroxyvalerate inAlcaligenes

June 27th, 2008
Accumulation of biodegradable copolyesters of 3-hydroxy-butyrate and 3-hydroxyvalerate inAlcaligenes eutrophus. Biodegradable copolyesters of 3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate (3HB-3HV) were produced byAlcaligenes eutrophus in a two-staged process, namely growth stage and nitrogen-deficient polyester-accumulation stage. When C(5) was used as the sole carbon source, the copolyester contained 43 mol % of ...

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Bioconversion of fumaric acid to succinic acid by recombinantE. coli.

June 27th, 2008
Bioconversion of fumaric acid to succinic acid by recombinantE. coli. Succinic acid was produced efficiently from fumaric acid by a recombinantE. coli strain DH5alphat/pGC1002 containing multicopy fumarate reductase genes. The effects of initial fumaric acid and glucose concentration on the production of succinic acid were investigated. ...

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In Situ mutagenesis and chemotactic selection of microorganisms in a diffusion gradient chamber.

June 27th, 2008
In Situ mutagenesis and chemotactic selection of microorganisms in a diffusion gradient chamber. A new method has been developed to rapidly generate and select microbial strains having increased resistance to an inhibitory compound. The method combinesin situ mutagenesis with use of a continuous gradient of the ...

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Bacillus stearothermophilus for thermophilic production of l-lactic acid.

June 27th, 2008
Bacillus stearothermophilus for thermophilic production of l-lactic acid. A process for the continuous production of high purityL: -lactic acid in a membrane bioreactor at 65 degrees C has been developed. Two differentBacillus stearothermophilus strains have been tested in batch experiments. Lactic acid yields are between 60 ...

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