Medical and Biomedical Researches

Transgenic mouse models of prion diseases.

June 27th, 2008
Transgenic mouse models of prion diseases. Prions represent a new biological paradigm of protein-mediated information transfer. In mammals, prions are the cause of fatal, transmissible neurodegenerative diseases, often referred to as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Many unresolved issues remain, including the exact molecular nature of the prion, ...

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Molecular Typing of PrP(res) in Human Sporadic CJD Brain Tissue.

June 27th, 2008
Molecular Typing of PrP(res) in Human Sporadic CJD Brain Tissue. Within the spectrum of sporadic human transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), there is considerable diversity of disease phenotypes. At least part of this variation is thought to be on the basis of different \"strains\" of prions (the ...

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Analysis of Endogenous PrP(C) Processing in Neuronal and Non-neuronal Cell Lines.

June 27th, 2008
Analysis of Endogenous PrP(C) Processing in Neuronal and Non-neuronal Cell Lines. Numerous transmembrane and glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins, covering a vast range of structural and functional classes, are recognized to undergo proteolytic cleavage or shedding from the plasma membrane. Although this widespread phenomenon seems fundamental to normal ...

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Molecular diagnosis of human prion disease.

June 27th, 2008
Molecular diagnosis of human prion disease. Human prion diseases are associated with a range of clinical presentations, and they are classified by both clinicopathological syndrome and etiology, with subclassification according to molecular criteria. Here, we describe procedures that are used within the MRC Prion Unit to ...

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Biophysical investigations of the prion protein using electron paramagnetic resonance.

June 27th, 2008
Biophysical investigations of the prion protein using electron paramagnetic resonance. The binding of paramagnetic metal ions is thought to be an essential function of the prion protein and lends itself to interrogation by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), which probes the local coordination environment of bound metal ...

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Effect of Copper on the De Novo Generation of Prion Protein Expressed in Pichia pastoris.

June 27th, 2008
Effect of Copper on the De Novo Generation of Prion Protein Expressed in Pichia pastoris. The prion protein (PrP) is the key protein implicated in diseases known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. PrP has been shown to be a metallo-protein that binds copper (Cu), and copper might ...

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Analysis of PrP Conformation Using Circular Dichroism.

June 27th, 2008
Analysis of PrP Conformation Using Circular Dichroism. The availability of recombinant prion proteins (recPrP) has been exploited as a model system to study PrP-mediated toxicity, conversion, and infectivity. According to the protein only hypothesis, the central event in the pathogenesis of prion diseases is the conversion ...

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Expression and Purification of Full-Length Recombinant PrP of High Purity.

June 27th, 2008
Expression and Purification of Full-Length Recombinant PrP of High Purity. Certain applications in the prion field require recombinant prion protein (PrP) of high purity and quality. Here, we report an experimental procedure for expression and purification of full-length mammalian prion protein. This protocol has been proved ...

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Amplification of purified prions in vitro.

June 27th, 2008
Amplification of purified prions in vitro. The infectious agents of prion diseases are unorthodox, and they seem to be composed primarily of a misfolded glycoprotein called the prion protein (PrP). Replication of prion infectivity is associated with the conversion of PrP from its normal, cellular form ...

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Methods for conversion of prion protein into amyloid fibrils.

June 27th, 2008
Methods for conversion of prion protein into amyloid fibrils. Misfolding and aggregation of prion protein (PrP) is related to several neurodegenerative diseases in humans such as Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease, fatal familial insomnia, and Gerstmann-Straussler-Sheinker disease. Amyloid fibrils prepared from recombinant PrP in vitro share many features of ...

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Understanding the Nature of Prion Diseases Using Cell-free Assays.

June 27th, 2008
Understanding the Nature of Prion Diseases Using Cell-free Assays. A central event in the transmission and pathogenesis of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy diseases is the misfolding of the prion protein. Considerable progress has been made in our understanding of this misfolding event through the development of cell-free ...

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Neurotoxicity of prion peptides on cultured cerebellar neurons.

June 27th, 2008
Neurotoxicity of prion peptides on cultured cerebellar neurons. Prion peptide (PrP) neurotoxicity has been modelled in vitro by using synthetic peptides derived from the PrP(C) sequence. The major region of neurotoxicity has been localized to the hydrophobic domain located in the middle of the PrP sequence. ...

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Generation of Cell Lines Propagating Infectious Prions and the Isolation and Characterization of Cel

June 27th, 2008
Generation of Cell Lines Propagating Infectious Prions and the Isolation and Characterization of Cell-derived Exosomes. Prion-propagating cell lines are an efficient and useful means for studying the cellular and molecular mechanisms implicated in prion disease. Use of cell-based models has lead to the finding that prion ...

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Assaying Prions in Cell Culture : The Standard Scrapie Cell Assay (SSCA) and the Scrapie Cell Assay

June 27th, 2008
Assaying Prions in Cell Culture : The Standard Scrapie Cell Assay (SSCA) and the Scrapie Cell Assay in End Point Format (SCEPA). Prions are usually quantified by bioassays based on intracerebral inoculation of animals, which are slow, imprecise, and costly. We have developed a cell-based prion ...

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Immunodetection of PrP(Sc) Using Western and Slot Blotting Techniques.

June 27th, 2008
Immunodetection of PrP(Sc) Using Western and Slot Blotting Techniques. Prion infectivity is often linked to presence of the protease-resistant isoform of prion protein (PrP), PrP(res); therefore, it is of highest interest to have convenient methods for rapid detection of PrP(res) in the research laboratory. For detection ...

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Investigation of PrP(C) Metabolism and Function in Live Cells : Methods for Studying Individual Cell

June 27th, 2008
Investigation of PrP(C) Metabolism and Function in Live Cells : Methods for Studying Individual Cells and Cell Populations. Prion protein (PrP)(C) expression levels and protein localization are known to be affected by factors such as metal ions and oxidative stress. By the development of a green ...

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Cell culture models to unravel prion protein function and aberrancies in prion diseases.

June 27th, 2008
Cell culture models to unravel prion protein function and aberrancies in prion diseases. From an early stage of prion research, tissue cultures that could support and propagate the scrapie agent were sought after. The earliest attempts were explants from brains of infected mice, and their growth ...

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Fractures of the proximal humerus in children.

June 27th, 2008
Fractures of the proximal humerus in children. Ninety-one children who had been treated for fractures of the proximal humerus (59 metaphyseal fractures; 32 epiphyseal fractures) from 1980 to 1992 at an average age of 10.7 years (range 3 to 14 years) were reviewed. In 82 cases ...

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Cloning of the Thermostable Cellulase Gene from Newly Isolated Bacillus subtilis and its Expression

June 27th, 2008
Cloning of the Thermostable Cellulase Gene from Newly Isolated Bacillus subtilis and its Expression in Escherichia coli. A bacterial strain with high cellulase activity (0.26 U/ml culture medium) was isolated from hot spring, and classified and named as B. subtilis DR by morphological and 16SrDNA gene ...

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Managed bioremediation of soil contaminated with crude oil soil chemistry and microbial ecology thre

June 27th, 2008
Managed bioremediation of soil contaminated with crude oil soil chemistry and microbial ecology three years later. Analysis of samples taken from three experimental soil lysimeters demonstrated marked long-term effects of managed bioremediation on soil chemistry and on bacterial and fungal communities 3 yr after the application ...

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Reduction of Cr(6(+)) to Cr(3 (+)) in a Packedper 10 thousandBed Bioreactor.

June 27th, 2008
Reduction of Cr(6(+)) to Cr(3 (+)) in a Packedper 10 thousandBed Bioreactor. Hexavalent chromium, Cr(6(+)), is a common and toxic pollutant in soils and waters. Reduction of the mobile Cr(6(+)) to the less mobile and less toxic trivalent chromium, Cr(3(+)), can be achieved with conventional chemical ...

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Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) by Indigenous Mixed and Pure Cultures Isolate

June 27th, 2008
Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) by Indigenous Mixed and Pure Cultures Isolated from Coastal Sediments. The goal of this paper was to quantify and characterize microorganisms (bacteria) in sediment samples contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs: fluorene and naphthalene). The isolated organisms were evaluated for ...

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Bacterial Reduction of Chromium.

June 27th, 2008
Bacterial Reduction of Chromium. A mixed culture was enriched from surface soil obtained from an eastern United States site highly contaminated with chromate. Growth of the culture was inhibited by a chromium concentration of 12 mg/L. Another mixed culture was enriched from subsurface soil obtained from ...

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Porphyrin-catalyzed oxidation of trichlorophenol.

June 27th, 2008
Porphyrin-catalyzed oxidation of trichlorophenol. Porphyrin-metal complexes are potentially useful to catalyze redox reactions, which convert toxic and biologically recalcitrant compounds to compounds that are less toxic and more amenable to biotreatment. Porphyrins, in the absence of proteins as in ligninases, peroxidases, and oxidases, are potentially more ...

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Effects of a Nutrient-Surfactant Compound on Solubilization Rates of TCE.

June 27th, 2008
Effects of a Nutrient-Surfactant Compound on Solubilization Rates of TCE. BioTreattrade mark, a commercially available nutrient-surfactant compound, was investigated for its ability to solubilize TCE. Potential mechanisms for enhancing biodegradation rates by the use of nutrient-surfactant mixtures are: increased solubilization of TCE into the aqueous phase, ...

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