Medical and Biomedical Researches

Automated analysis of secretory vesicle distribution at the ultrastructural level.

June 27th, 2008
Automated analysis of secretory vesicle distribution at the ultrastructural level. Neuroendocrine cells like chromaffin cells and PC-12 cells are established models for transport, docking and secretion of secretory vesicles. In micrographs, these vesicles are recognized by their electron dense core. The analysis of secretory vesicle distribution ...

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Developmental heptachlor exposure increases susceptibility of dopamine neurons to N-methyl-4-phenyl-

June 27th, 2008
Developmental heptachlor exposure increases susceptibility of dopamine neurons to N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)in a gender-specific manner. Parkinson\'s disease (PD) is primarily thought of as a disease of aging. However, recent evidence points to the potential for exposure to xenobiotics during development to increase risk of PD. Here, we ...

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CYP1A1 Ile462Val and GSTT1 modify the effect of cord blood cotinine on neurodevelopment at 2 years o

June 27th, 2008
CYP1A1 Ile462Val and GSTT1 modify the effect of cord blood cotinine on neurodevelopment at 2 years of age. Maternal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has been reported to be associated with children\'s neurobehavioral development but there was no studies investigating the genetic susceptibilities to maternal ...

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Predator odor fear conditioning: Current perspectives and new directions.

June 27th, 2008
Predator odor fear conditioning: Current perspectives and new directions. Predator odor fear conditioning involves the use of a natural unconditioned stimulus, as opposed to aversive electric foot-shock, to obtain novel information on the neural circuitry associated with emotional learning and memory. Researchers are beginning to identify ...

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The neurotensin-1 receptor agonist PD149163 blocks fear-potentiated startle.

June 27th, 2008
The neurotensin-1 receptor agonist PD149163 blocks fear-potentiated startle. Preliminary evidence suggests that the neuropeptide, neurotensin (NT) may regulate fear/anxiety circuits. We investigated the effects of PD149163, a NT1 receptor agonist, on fear-potentiated startle (FPS). Sprague Dawley rats were trained to associate a white light with a ...

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Low dose MK-801 reduces social investigation in mice.

June 27th, 2008
Low dose MK-801 reduces social investigation in mice. To characterize MK-801\'s effect on social behavior in mice, we examined adult male ICR mice for interaction with companion mice (juvenile male). Test mice were injected with either saline or MK-801 (0.1 mg/kg), and were tested 30 min ...

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Intra- and cross-modal cuing of spatial attention: Time courses and mechanisms.

June 27th, 2008
Intra- and cross-modal cuing of spatial attention: Time courses and mechanisms. We report a new phenomenon in cross-modal cuing of visual spatial attention-simultaneous auditory peripheral cues are \"hyper-effective\"-more effective than auditory peripheral (AP), visual central (VC), or visual peripheral (VP) cues that preceded the target with ...

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Characterization of apolipoprotein A-IV in brain areas involved in energy homeostasis.

June 27th, 2008
Characterization of apolipoprotein A-IV in brain areas involved in energy homeostasis. Apolipoprotein A-IV (apo A-IV) is a satiation protein synthesized in the small intestine and hypothalamus. To further understand its anorectic mechanisms, we used immunohistochemical techniques to characterize the distribution of apo A-IV in brain areas ...

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Acamprosate attenuates the handling induced convulsions during alcohol withdrawal in Swiss Webster m

June 27th, 2008
Acamprosate attenuates the handling induced convulsions during alcohol withdrawal in Swiss Webster mice. In the present study, we examined the effects of acamprosate for its ability to reduce handling induced convulsions (HICs) during alcohol withdrawal. Diazepam was used as a positive control. Swiss Webster male mice ...

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Response conflict and frontocingulate dysfunction in unmedicated participants with major depression.

June 27th, 2008
Response conflict and frontocingulate dysfunction in unmedicated participants with major depression. Individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) often exhibit impaired executive function, particularly in experimental tasks that involve response conflict and require adaptive behavioral adjustments. Prior research suggests that these deficits might be due to dysfunction ...

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Cortical recruitment during selective attention in multiple sclerosis: An fMRI investigation of indi

June 27th, 2008
Cortical recruitment during selective attention in multiple sclerosis: An fMRI investigation of individual differences. Recent studies with multiple sclerosis (MS) participants have provided evidence for cortical reorganization. Greater recruitment of task-related areas and additional brain regions are thought to play an adaptive role in the performance ...

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A computational model of antibiotic-resistance mechanisms in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus au

June 27th, 2008
A computational model of antibiotic-resistance mechanisms in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). An agent-based model of bacteria-antibiotic interactions has been developed that incorporates the antibiotic-resistance mechanisms of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The model, called the Micro-Gen Bacterial Simulator, uses information about the cell biology of bacteria to ...

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A fully coupled, mechanistic model for infectious disease dynamics in a metapopulation: Movement and

June 27th, 2008
A fully coupled, mechanistic model for infectious disease dynamics in a metapopulation: Movement and epidemic duration. The drive to understand the invasion, spread and fade out of infectious disease in structured populations has produced a variety of mathematical models for pathogen dynamics in metapopulations. Very rarely ...

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Oscillations and bistability in the stochastic model of p53 regulation.

June 27th, 2008
Oscillations and bistability in the stochastic model of p53 regulation. The p53 regulatory pathway controls cell responses, which include cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, apoptosis and cellular senescence. We propose a stochastic model of p53 regulation, which is based on two feedback loops: the negative, coupling ...

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The effect of corticosteroid treatment on local immune responses, intake and performance in lambs in

June 27th, 2008
The effect of corticosteroid treatment on local immune responses, intake and performance in lambs infected with Teladorsagia circumcincta. The nutritional cost of, and the sequential cellular changes associated with the developing immune response to the abomasal parasite Teladorsagia circumcincta were investigated using corticosteroid-induced immune-suppression. Six-month-old lambs ...

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Are yolk androgens adjusted to environmental conditions? A test in two seabirds that lay single-egg

June 27th, 2008
Are yolk androgens adjusted to environmental conditions? A test in two seabirds that lay single-egg clutches. It is widely believed that female birds strategically allocate androgens to yolk in the manner that best equips offspring for feeding conditions during their development. Because most avian studies have ...

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Cdx2 initiates histodifferentiation of the midgut endoderm.

June 27th, 2008
Cdx2 initiates histodifferentiation of the midgut endoderm. Null mutation or haploinsufficiency of Cdx2 results in the development of heterotopic lesions with a gastric phenotype in the midgut endoderm. Conversely transgenic expression of Cdx2 in the stomach causes the endoderm to differentiate into intestinal-type mucosa. We demonstrate ...

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Role of voltage-dependent potassium channels and myo-endothelial gap junctions in 4-aminopyridine-in

June 27th, 2008
Role of voltage-dependent potassium channels and myo-endothelial gap junctions in 4-aminopyridine-induced inhibition of acetylcholine relaxation in rat carotid artery. The present study examined the role of voltage-gated potassium (K(v)) channels and myo-endothelial gap junctions in 4-aminopyridine-induced inhibition of acetylcholine-evoked endothelium-dependent relaxation and NO release in the ...

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Evidence for serotonin synthesis-dependent regulation of in vitro neuronal firing rates in the midbr

June 27th, 2008
Evidence for serotonin synthesis-dependent regulation of in vitro neuronal firing rates in the midbrain raphe complex. Evidence suggests that 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A (5-HT(1A)) receptor-mediated autoregulation of serotonergic neuronal firing rates is impaired in stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders. In vitro models may provide insight into neural mechanisms underlying regulation ...

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Glucocorticoids inhibited airway hyperresponsiveness through downregulation of CPI-17 in bronchial s

June 27th, 2008
Glucocorticoids inhibited airway hyperresponsiveness through downregulation of CPI-17 in bronchial smooth muscle. Glucocorticoids are the most effective anti-inflammatory treatment for asthma, and inhaled corticosteroids are the most effective long-term control therapy for persistent asthma. In the present study, to determine the mechanism of the inhibitory effect ...

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Effect of chronic administration of morphine on the expression of bovine adrenal medulla 22-like imm

June 27th, 2008
Effect of chronic administration of morphine on the expression of bovine adrenal medulla 22-like immunoreactivity in the spinal cord of rats. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of chronic administration of morphine on the expression of an endogenous opioid peptide in ...

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Wogonin induced differentiation and G1 phase arrest of human U-937 leukemia cells via PKCdelta phosp

June 27th, 2008
Wogonin induced differentiation and G1 phase arrest of human U-937 leukemia cells via PKCdelta phosphorylation. Wogonin, a natural monoflavonoid, has been shown to have tumor therapeutic potential in vitro and in vivo. Recently many studies have focused on the induction of apoptosis of tumor cells by ...

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Involvement of the midbrain tectum in the unconditioned fear promoted by morphine withdrawal.

June 27th, 2008
Involvement of the midbrain tectum in the unconditioned fear promoted by morphine withdrawal. The midbrain tectum structures, dorsal periaqueductal gray (dPAG) and inferior colliculus (IC), are involved in the organization of fear and anxiety states during the exposure to dangerous stimuli. Since opiate withdrawal is associated ...

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The new approach in development of anti-Alzheimer’s disease drugs via the cholinergic hypothesis.

June 27th, 2008
The new approach in development of anti-Alzheimer\'s disease drugs via the cholinergic hypothesis. A wide range of evidences show that cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors can interfere with the progression of Alzheimer\'s disease (AD). The earliest known ChE inhibitors, namely, physostigmine and tacrine, showed modest improvement in the ...

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Physalin B, a novel inhibitor of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, triggers NOXA-associated apoptosi

June 27th, 2008
Physalin B, a novel inhibitor of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, triggers NOXA-associated apoptosis. The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway plays a critical role in the degradation of proteins involved in tumor growth and has therefore become a target for cancer therapy. In order to discover novel inhibitors of this pathway, ...

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