Medical and Biomedical Researches

Phosphorylation of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR1/5) in vitro and in vivo.

July 3rd, 2008
Phosphorylation of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR1/5) in vitro and in vivo. Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR1 and mGluR5 subtypes) are densely expressed in mammalian brain. They are actively involved in the regulation of normal cellular activity and synaptic plasticity, and are frequently linked ...

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Anticataleptic 8-OH-DPAT preferentially counteracts with haloperidol-induced Fos expression in the d

July 3rd, 2008
Anticataleptic 8-OH-DPAT preferentially counteracts with haloperidol-induced Fos expression in the dorsolateral striatum and the core region of the nucleus accumbens. We studied the effects of the 5-HT(1A/7) agonist 8-OH-DPAT on haloperidol-induced catalepsy and forebrain Fos expression in mice to clarify its mechanism in modulating extrapyramidal motor ...

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Lycopene attenuates diabetes-associated cognitive decline in rats.

July 3rd, 2008
Lycopene attenuates diabetes-associated cognitive decline in rats. Diabetes-induced learning and memory impairment, characterized by impaired cognitive functions and neurochemical and structural abnormalities, involve direct neuronal damage caused by intracellular glucose. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of lycopene, a potent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory ...

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Assessing chronic liver toxicity based on relative gene expression data.

July 3rd, 2008
Assessing chronic liver toxicity based on relative gene expression data. The risk associated with exposure to hepatotoxic drugs is difficult to quantify. Animal experiments to assess their chronic toxicological impact are time consuming. New quantitative approaches to correlate gene expression changes caused by drug exposure to ...

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Millisecond Time-Resolved Changes Occurring in Ca(2+)-Regulated Myosin Filaments upon Relaxation.

July 3rd, 2008
Millisecond Time-Resolved Changes Occurring in Ca(2+)-Regulated Myosin Filaments upon Relaxation. Contraction of many muscles is activated in part by the binding of Ca(2+) to, or phosphorylation of, the myosin heads on the surface of the thick filaments. In relaxed muscle, the myosin heads are helically ordered ...

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Structure of the Leech Protein Saratin and Characterization of Its Binding to Collagen.

July 3rd, 2008
Structure of the Leech Protein Saratin and Characterization of Its Binding to Collagen. The leech protein Saratin from Hirudo medicinalis prevents thrombocyte aggregation by interfering with the first binding step of the thrombocytes to collagen by binding to collagen. We solved the three-dimensional structure of the ...

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A Degenerate Tripartite DNA-Binding Site Required for Activation of ComA-Dependent Quorum Response G

July 3rd, 2008
A Degenerate Tripartite DNA-Binding Site Required for Activation of ComA-Dependent Quorum Response Gene Expression in Bacillus subtilis. In Bacillus subtilis, the transcription factor ComA activates several biological processes in response to increasing population density. Extracellular peptide signaling is used to coordinate the activity of ComA with ...

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Analysis of Strand Transfer and Template Switching Mechanisms of DNA Gap Repair by Homologous Recomb

July 3rd, 2008
Analysis of Strand Transfer and Template Switching Mechanisms of DNA Gap Repair by Homologous Recombination in Escherichiacoli: Predominance of Strand Transfer. Daughter strand gaps formed upon interruption of replication at DNA lesions in Escherichiacoli can be repaired by either translesion DNA synthesis or homologous recombination (HR) ...

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The Molecular Structure of Epoxide Hydrolase B from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Its Complex with

July 3rd, 2008
The Molecular Structure of Epoxide Hydrolase B from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Its Complex with a Urea-Based Inhibitor. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the intracellular pathogen that infects macrophages primarily, is the causative agent of the infectious disease tuberculosis in humans. The Mtb genome encodes at least six epoxide ...

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Structural Basis of the LOV1 Dimerization of Arabidopsis Phototropins 1 and 2.

July 3rd, 2008
Structural Basis of the LOV1 Dimerization of Arabidopsis Phototropins 1 and 2. Phototropin (phot) is a blue-light receptor protein that triggers phototropic responses, chloroplast relocation, and stomata opening to maximize the efficiency of photosynthesis in higher plants. Phot is composed of three functional domains. The N-terminal ...

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Identification of Intrinsic Dynamics in a DNA Sequence Preferentially Cleaved by Topoisomerase II En

July 3rd, 2008
Identification of Intrinsic Dynamics in a DNA Sequence Preferentially Cleaved by Topoisomerase II Enzyme. Topoisomerase II enzymes are essential enzymes that modulate DNA topology and play a role in chromatin compaction. While the enzymes appear to recognize and cleave the DNA in a nonrandom fashion, factors ...

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Experimentally-elevated testosterone, female parental care, and reproductive success in a songbird,

July 3rd, 2008
Experimentally-elevated testosterone, female parental care, and reproductive success in a songbird, the Dark-eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis). In male dark-eyed juncos (Junco hyemalis), experimentally elevated testosterone (T) decreases male parental care and offspring survival, but results in higher overall fitness through greater mating success. To help address ...

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Sustained HBeAg and HBsAg Loss After Long-term Follow-up of HBeAg-Positive Patients Treated With Peg

July 3rd, 2008
Sustained HBeAg and HBsAg Loss After Long-term Follow-up of HBeAg-Positive Patients Treated With Peginterferon alpha-2b. BACKGROUND & AIMS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term sustainability of response in patients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B treated with pegylated interferon ...

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Critical Review of Clinical Trials of Bone Marrow Stem Cells in Liver Disease.

July 3rd, 2008
Critical Review of Clinical Trials of Bone Marrow Stem Cells in Liver Disease. Morbidity and mortality from cirrhosis is increasing rapidly in the Western world. Currently the only effective treatment is liver transplantation, an increasingly limited and expensive resource. Consequently, there has been great hope that ...

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Schistosoma mansoni: Human skin ceramides are a chemical cue for host recognition of cercariae.

July 3rd, 2008
Schistosoma mansoni: Human skin ceramides are a chemical cue for host recognition of cercariae. Schistosoma mansoni cercariae recognize the human host with a sequence of behavioral responses particularly to chemical host cues. After attaching to the skin surface, cercariae are stimulated by so far unknown skin ...

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Altered vasodilator role of nitric oxide synthase in the pancreas, heart and brain of rats with spon

July 3rd, 2008
Altered vasodilator role of nitric oxide synthase in the pancreas, heart and brain of rats with spontaneous type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is associated with altered regional blood flow and expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). We examined the functional role of constitutive and inducible ...

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Lacosamide, the new anticonvulsant, effectively reduces harmaline-induced tremors in rats.

July 3rd, 2008
Lacosamide, the new anticonvulsant, effectively reduces harmaline-induced tremors in rats. The present study aimed at evaluating the efficacy of lacosamide (0.3 to 30 mg/kg), a new anticonvulsant drug, in a model of essential tremor in comparison to the reference compounds propranolol and primidone. We observed a ...

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Inhibition of mTOR restores cisplatin sensitivity through down-regulation of growth and anti-apoptot

July 3rd, 2008
Inhibition of mTOR restores cisplatin sensitivity through down-regulation of growth and anti-apoptotic proteins. We show that cisplatin resistance in certain lung cancer cell lines can be reversed through inhibition of mTOR (mammalian Target of Rapamycin). These cell lines appear to possess high levels of phospho-mTOR, phospho-AKT ...

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Behavioural and neurotoxic long-lasting effects of MDMA plus cocaine in adolescent mice.

July 3rd, 2008
Behavioural and neurotoxic long-lasting effects of MDMA plus cocaine in adolescent mice. The poly-drug pattern is the most common among MDMA users, with cocaine being a frequently associated drug. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the behavioural and neurotoxic long-term effects of exposure ...

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Mechanisms of alpha7-nicotinic receptor up-regulation and sensitization to donepezil-induced by chro

July 3rd, 2008
Mechanisms of alpha7-nicotinic receptor up-regulation and sensitization to donepezil-induced by chronic donepezil treatment. alpha7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are one of the most abundant subtypes of nicotinic receptors in the brain and have been shown to be involved in the neuroprotective effect of donepezil. Recently, we showed that ...

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Vitamin D(2) supplementation induces the development of aortic stenosis in rabbits: Interactions wit

July 3rd, 2008
Vitamin D(2) supplementation induces the development of aortic stenosis in rabbits: Interactions with endothelial function and thioredoxin-interacting protein. Understanding of the pathophysiology of aortic valve stenosis (AVS) and finding potentially effective treatments are impeded by the lack of suitable AVS animal models. A previous study demonstrated ...

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Essential requirement for zebrafish anosmin-1a in the migration of the posterior lateral line primor

July 3rd, 2008
Essential requirement for zebrafish anosmin-1a in the migration of the posterior lateral line primordium. Kallmann syndrome (KS) is a human genetic disease that impairs both cell migration and axon elongation. The KAL-1 gene underlying the X-linked form of KS, encodes an extracellular matrix protein, anosmin-1, which ...

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Genetic mosaic analysis reveals FGF receptor 2 function in terminal end buds during mammary gland br

July 3rd, 2008
Genetic mosaic analysis reveals FGF receptor 2 function in terminal end buds during mammary gland branching morphogenesis. FGF signaling is associated with breast cancer and is required for mammary placode formation in the mouse. In this study, we employed a genetic mosaic analysis based on Cre-mediated ...

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Regulation of the feedback antagonist naked cuticle by Wingless signaling.

July 3rd, 2008
Regulation of the feedback antagonist naked cuticle by Wingless signaling. Signaling pathways usually activate transcriptional targets in a cell type-specific manner. Notable exceptions are pathway-specific feedback antagonists, which serve to restrict the range or duration of the signal. These factors are often activated by their respective ...

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Rho GTPase controls invagination and cohesive migration of the Drosophila salivary gland through Cru

July 3rd, 2008
Rho GTPase controls invagination and cohesive migration of the Drosophila salivary gland through Crumbs and Rho-kinase. Coordinated cell movements shape simple epithelia into functional tissues and organs during embryogenesis. Regulators and effectors of the small GTPase Rho have been shown to be essential for epithelial morphogenesis ...

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