Medical and Biomedical Researches

The canonical Wnt signaling pathway plays an important role in lymphopoiesis and hematopoiesis.

June 28th, 2008
The canonical Wnt signaling pathway plays an important role in lymphopoiesis and hematopoiesis. The evolutionarily conserved canonical Wnt-beta-catenin-T cell factor (TCF)/lymphocyte enhancer binding factor (LEF) signaling pathway regulates key checkpoints in the development of various tissues. Therefore, it is not surprising that a large body of ...

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In this issue.

June 28th, 2008
In this issue. COVER PICTURES: The cover shows a confocal micrograph of myelinated nervous tissue at the rim of a demyelinating lesion in the brain white matter of a patient with multiple sclerosis (MS). Myelin surrounding the axon is stained by a monoclonal antibody obtained by ...

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Increased cytotoxicity of CD4(+) invariant NKT cells against CD4(+)CD25(hi)CD127(lo/-) regulatory T

June 28th, 2008
Increased cytotoxicity of CD4(+) invariant NKT cells against CD4(+)CD25(hi)CD127(lo/-) regulatory T cells in allergic asthma. CD4(+)CD25(hi)CD127(lo/-) regulatory T cells (Treg) have been implicated in the resolution of asthma-associated inflammation while the opposite role of CD4(+) invariant NKT (iNKT) cells has been the subject of recent investigations. ...

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Feasibility of using real-time MRI to measure joint kinematics in 1.5T and open-bore 0.5T systems.

June 28th, 2008
Feasibility of using real-time MRI to measure joint kinematics in 1.5T and open-bore 0.5T systems. PURPOSE: To test the feasibility and accuracy of measuring joint motion with real-time MRI in a 1.5T scanner and in a 0.5T open-bore scanner and to assess the dependence of measurement ...

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Depth-dependent profiles of glycosaminoglycans in articular cartilage by muMRI and histochemistry.

June 28th, 2008
Depth-dependent profiles of glycosaminoglycans in articular cartilage by muMRI and histochemistry. PURPOSE: To quantify the distribution profile of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in articular cartilage with the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) gadolinium (Gd) contrast method (the dGEMRIC procedure in clinical MRI) and correlate with histochemical results. MATERIALS AND ...

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Systemic increase in type I interferon activity in Sjögren’s syndrome: A putative role for plasmac

June 28th, 2008
Systemic increase in type I interferon activity in Sjögren\'s syndrome: A putative role for plasmacytoid dendritic cells. In the salivary glands of primary Sjögren\'s syndrome (pSjS) patients, type I IFN activity is increased, but systemic levels of type I IFN proteins are rarely detected. This study ...

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Acquisition-weighted stack of spirals for fast high-resolution three-dimensional ultra-short echo ti

June 28th, 2008
Acquisition-weighted stack of spirals for fast high-resolution three-dimensional ultra-short echo time MR imaging. Ultra-short echo time (UTE) MRI requires both short excitation ( approximately 0.5 ms) and short acquisition delay (<0.2 ms) to minimize T(2)-induced signal decay. These requirements currently lead to low acquisition efficiency when ...

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A heat shock protein gene (Hsp70.1) is critically involved in the generation of the immune response

June 28th, 2008
A heat shock protein gene (Hsp70.1) is critically involved in the generation of the immune response to myelin antigen. Protracted inflammation has been associated with the generation of autoimmune responses. In this respect, increase in the chaperonin, heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) is an outcome of ...

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Intra-tumoral Salmonella typhimurium induces a systemic anti-tumor immune response that is directed

June 28th, 2008
Intra-tumoral Salmonella typhimurium induces a systemic anti-tumor immune response that is directed by low-dose radiation to treat distal disease. Salmonella typhimurium is a facultative anaerobic bacterium able to multiply preferentially in tumors and inhibit their growth. The mechanisms through which Salmonella exerts its anti-cancer properties are ...

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Interferon-gamma limits the availability of iron for intramacrophage Salmonella typhimurium.

June 28th, 2008
Interferon-gamma limits the availability of iron for intramacrophage Salmonella typhimurium. In stimulating effector functions of mononuclear phagocytes, IFN-gamma is of pivotal importance in host defense against intramacrophage pathogens including salmonellae. As the activity of IFN-gamma is modulated by iron and since a sufficient availability of iron ...

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CCL2 recruitment of IL-6-producing CD11b(+) monocytes to the draining lymph nodes during the initiat

June 28th, 2008
CCL2 recruitment of IL-6-producing CD11b(+) monocytes to the draining lymph nodes during the initiation of Th17-dependent B cell-mediated autoimmunity. The development and function of Th17 cells are influenced in part by the cytokines TGF-beta, IL-23 and IL-6, but the mechanisms that govern recruitment and activity of ...

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Development of CTL memory despite arrested clonal expansion.

June 28th, 2008
Development of CTL memory despite arrested clonal expansion. Activation of a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response in an antigen-exposed lymph node involves a great diversity of encounters between naive CTL and APC that differ in both duration and quality. This broad spectrum of priming events instigates ...

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Functional dichotomy of plasmacytoid dendritic cells: Antigen-specific activation of T cells versus

June 28th, 2008
Functional dichotomy of plasmacytoid dendritic cells: Antigen-specific activation of T cells versus production of type I interferon. Human plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDC) are believed to link innate and adaptive immunity by producing type I interferon (IFN-I) and triggering adaptive T cell-mediated immunity. However, it remains elusive ...

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Solution-, Solid-Phase, and Fluorous Synthesis of beta,beta-Difluorinated Cyclic Quaternary alpha-Am

June 28th, 2008
Solution-, Solid-Phase, and Fluorous Synthesis of beta,beta-Difluorinated Cyclic Quaternary alpha-Amino Acid Derivatives: A Comparative Study. The diastereoselective synthesis of cyclic beta,beta-difluorinated alpha-amino acid derivatives bearing a quaternary stereocenter is described. The process relies on the chemo- and diastereoselective addition of allylic organometallic reagents to fluorinated alpha-imino ...

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Methanogenesis from volatile fatty acids in downflow stationary fixed-film reactor.

June 28th, 2008
Methanogenesis from volatile fatty acids in downflow stationary fixed-film reactor. Methanogenesis was studied in downflow stationary fixed-film bioreactors. The support materials in this study included ceramic Raschig rings, hardwood chips, and sized charcoal. The performances of these support materials have been compared using both synthetic acid ...

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The effect of temperature and pH on ethanol production by free and immobilized cells of Kluyveromyce

June 28th, 2008
The effect of temperature and pH on ethanol production by free and immobilized cells of Kluyveromyces marxianus grown on Jerusalem artichoke extract. The effect of temperature and pH on the kinetics of ethanol production by free and calcium alginate immobilized cells of Kluyveromyces marxianus grown on ...

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Cell cycle analysis of plasmid-containing Escherichia coli HB101 populations with flow cytometry.

June 28th, 2008
Cell cycle analysis of plasmid-containing Escherichia coli HB101 populations with flow cytometry. The relationship between cell mass and cell number dynamics for bacteria such as Escherichia coli depends on the cell cycle parameters C and D. Effects of plasmid copy number on these cell cycle parameters ...

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Stratified ecology techniques in the startup of an anaerobic downflow fixed film percolating reactor

June 28th, 2008
Stratified ecology techniques in the startup of an anaerobic downflow fixed film percolating reactor. A two-column pilot scale downflow percolating fixed film (DPFF) anaerobic reactor treating deproteinized cheese whey (DPW) was used in this study. The system was operated at one-third of the maximum working volume ...

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Combined submerged and solid substrate fermentation for the bioconversion of lignocellulose.

June 28th, 2008
Combined submerged and solid substrate fermentation for the bioconversion of lignocellulose. A novel two-stage bioreactor has been designed for a combined submerged (SF) and solid substrate fermentation (SSF) of wheat straw. The straw was pretreated with steam, and cellulases from the culture fluid of Trichoderma reesei ...

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Biomass retention and performance of anaerobic fixed-film reactors treating acetic acid wastewater.

June 28th, 2008
Biomass retention and performance of anaerobic fixed-film reactors treating acetic acid wastewater. An acetic-acid-based synthetic wastewater of different organic concentrations was successfully treated at 35 degrees C in anaerobic downflow fixed-film reactors operated at high organic loading rates and short hydraulic retention times (HRTs). Substrate removal ...

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Gibberellic acid by solid state fermentation: Consistent and improved yields.

June 28th, 2008
Gibberellic acid by solid state fermentation: Consistent and improved yields. Five strains each of Gibberella fujikuroi and Fusarium monoliforme were screened to select G. fujikuroi P-3, a strain capable of giving consistent production of gibberellic acid (GA(3)) by solid state fermentation (SSF). The comparative production of ...

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Lipase-catalyzed ester exchange reactions in organic media with controlled humidity.

June 28th, 2008
Lipase-catalyzed ester exchange reactions in organic media with controlled humidity. Immobilized lipase activity is studied in organic solvent systems of controlled water content under the influence of a variety of reaction parameters, such as temperature, relative humidity, substrate concentrations, and type of fatty acid used. Control ...

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Adsorption and kinetic behavior of purified endoglucanases and exoglucanases from Trichoderma viride

June 28th, 2008
Adsorption and kinetic behavior of purified endoglucanases and exoglucanases from Trichoderma viride. Adsorption on crystalline cellulose of six endoglucanases (Endo I, II, III, IV, V and VI; 1, 4-beta-D-glucan glucanohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.4) and two exoglucanases (Exo II and III; 1,4-beta-D-glucan cellobiohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.92), purified from a ...

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Immobilized heparinase: In vitro reactor model.

June 28th, 2008
Immobilized heparinase: In vitro reactor model. Heparinase immobilized to agarose has previously been shown to be useful in degrading heparin and thereby preventing thromboembolytic complications when this anticoagulant has been used in extracorporeal perfusions. The current study examined the kinetics of this immobilized enzyme. When heparinase ...

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Novel anaerobic gas-lift reactor (AGLR) with retention of biomass: Start-up routine and establishmen

June 28th, 2008
Novel anaerobic gas-lift reactor (AGLR) with retention of biomass: Start-up routine and establishment of hold up. A start-up routine for a novel type of anaerobic gas-lift reactor using sand as support particles for Bacterial adhesion and involving a dilution rate shift-up is shown to result in ...

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