Medical and Biomedical Researches

Reducing morphological variability of the cervical carotid artery in serial magnetic resonance imagi

June 28th, 2008
Reducing morphological variability of the cervical carotid artery in serial magnetic resonance imaging using a head and neck immobilization device. PURPOSE: To evaluate how well a head and neck immobilization device performed in reducing lumen morphology variability in repeated MR imaging of the carotid artery. MATERIALS ...

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T2- and diffusion-maps reveal diurnal changes of intervertebral disc composition: An in vivo MRI stu

June 28th, 2008
T2- and diffusion-maps reveal diurnal changes of intervertebral disc composition: An in vivo MRI study at 1.5 Tesla. PURPOSE: To investigate the lumbar intervertebral discs (IVDs) by MRI in the morning and evening after a diurnal load cycle. Changes in MR characteristics (T2-weighted imaging, T2- and ...

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Manganese-enhanced MRI of the mouse auditory pathway.

June 28th, 2008
Manganese-enhanced MRI of the mouse auditory pathway. Functional mapping of the lateral lemniscus and the superior olivary complex as part of the auditory pathway was accomplished for the first time in mice in vivo using manganese-enhanced MRI (2.35T, 3D FLASH, 117 mum isotropic resolution). These and ...

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In vitro investigation of poor cerebrospinal fluid suppression on fluid-attenuated inversion recover

June 28th, 2008
In vitro investigation of poor cerebrospinal fluid suppression on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images in the presence of a gadolinium-based contrast agent. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) enhancement on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images obtained post-gadolinium (Gd)-based agent injection is described in stroke and multiple sclerosis. Blood brain barrier ...

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Measurement of T(1) and T(2) in the cervical spinal cord at 3 tesla.

June 28th, 2008
Measurement of T(1) and T(2) in the cervical spinal cord at 3 tesla. T(1) and T(2) were measured for white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) in the human cervical spinal cord at 3T. T(1) values were calculated using an inversion-recovery (IR) and B(1)-corrected double flip ...

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Chronic hepatitis: Role of diffusion-weighted imaging and diffusion tensor imaging for the diagnosis

June 28th, 2008
Chronic hepatitis: Role of diffusion-weighted imaging and diffusion tensor imaging for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis and inflammation. PURPOSE: To determine the diagnostic performance of liver apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measured with conventional diffusion-weighted imaging (CDI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) for the diagnosis of liver ...

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Assessment of the lung microstructure in patients with asthma using hyperpolarized (3)He diffusion M

June 28th, 2008
Assessment of the lung microstructure in patients with asthma using hyperpolarized (3)He diffusion MRI at two time scales: Comparison with healthy subjects and patients with COPD. PURPOSE: To investigate short- and long-time-scale (3)He diffusion in asthma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A hybrid MRI sequence was developed to ...

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Enzyme-Entrapping behaviors in alginate fibers and their papers.

June 28th, 2008
Enzyme-Entrapping behaviors in alginate fibers and their papers. Enzyme immobilization in the form of fiber and paper was easily achieved by wet spinning of aqueous admixture of sodium alginate and enzymes into divalent metallic ion solution as a coagulating bath, followed by paper making of resultant ...

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Immobilization of microorganisms by adhesion: Interplay of electrostatic and nonelectrostatic intera

June 28th, 2008
Immobilization of microorganisms by adhesion: Interplay of electrostatic and nonelectrostatic interactions. The adhesion of three microorganisms (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Acetobacter aceti, and Moniliella pollinis) to different materials has been studied using various supports (glass, metals, plastics), some of which were treated by an Fe(III) solution. The surface ...

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Reaction rate calculations for cosubstrates diffusing into catalyst layer from opposite sides.

June 28th, 2008
Reaction rate calculations for cosubstrates diffusing into catalyst layer from opposite sides. The effects of diffusion on a reaction taking place in a permeable catalyst are examined theoretically for the case where the reaction has two substrates supplied from opposite sides of a catalytic slab. The ...

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Performance evaluation of ethanol fermentor systems using a vector-valued objective function.

June 28th, 2008
Performance evaluation of ethanol fermentor systems using a vector-valued objective function. It is shown that the performance evaluation using a vector-valued objection function whose components are the product productivity, the product concentration, and the substrate conversion is quite useful in getting deeper insight into the development ...

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Dynamics of chemostat in which one microbial population grows on multiple complementary nutrients.

June 28th, 2008
Dynamics of chemostat in which one microbial population grows on multiple complementary nutrients. The equations of a chemostat in which one microbial population grows on multiple rate-limiting nutrients are formulated. The dynamics of a chemostat involving growth on complementary nutrients is studied through stability analysis of ...

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Dynamics of a biological fixed film for phenol degradation in a fluidized-bed bioreactor.

June 28th, 2008
Dynamics of a biological fixed film for phenol degradation in a fluidized-bed bioreactor. Experimental and modeling studies were conducted to analyze the dynamic response behavior of a phenol-oxidizing fixed film using a differential, fluidized-bed bioreactor in a recycle loop with a well-mixed reservoir. With the bioreactor ...

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A mathematical model for prediction of plasmid copy number and genetic stability in Escherichia coli

June 28th, 2008
A mathematical model for prediction of plasmid copy number and genetic stability in Escherichia coli. The design of bioreactors for genetically modified bacterial cultures would benefit from predictive models. Of particular importance is the interaction of the external environment, cell physiology, and control of plasmid copy ...

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Lipase reaction in AOT-isooctane reversed micelles: Effect of water on equilibria.

June 28th, 2008
Lipase reaction in AOT-isooctane reversed micelles: Effect of water on equilibria. The effect of water on equilibria for hydrolytic reaction in reversed micelles has been investigated using lipase as a model enzyme. The effect of water on equilibria has been ignored for hydrolase reactions in an ...

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Kinetic expression for maltose production from soluble starch by simultaneous use of beta-amylase an

June 28th, 2008
Kinetic expression for maltose production from soluble starch by simultaneous use of beta-amylase and debranching enzymes. The kinetics of the hydrolysis of soluble starch by simultaneous use of beta-amylase and either isoamylase or pullulanse was studied experimentally for a wide range of subtrate and enzyme concentrations. ...

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Oxygen transfer in animal cell culture medium.

June 28th, 2008
Oxygen transfer in animal cell culture medium. Both k(L)a and k(L) measurements were carried out by an unsteady state technique at impeller speeds ranging from 1.6 to 5.8 s(-1) in a mechanically agitated animal cell culture vessel of working volume 1.5 L. Checks were made that ...

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Catabolite repression of amylase synthesis in yeast.

June 28th, 2008
Catabolite repression of amylase synthesis in yeast. Amylase synthesis by the yeasts Saccharomycopsis fibuligera and Schwanniomyces castellii and alluvius is repressed by glucose. Steady state continuous culture data for amylase activity, E, biomass concentration, X, and reducing sugar concentration, S, were fitted to the three-parameter catabolite ...

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The pH mediated effects of initial glucose concentration on the transitory occurrence of extracellul

June 28th, 2008
The pH mediated effects of initial glucose concentration on the transitory occurrence of extracellular metabolites, gas exchange and growth yields of aerobic batch cultures of Klebsiella pneumoniae. The changes in growth kinetics in aerobic batch cultures of Klebsiella pneumoniae were followed by measurements of extracellular metabolites, ...

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Mixed solvent systems for recovery of ethanol from dilute aqueous solution by liquid-liquid extracti

June 28th, 2008
Mixed solvent systems for recovery of ethanol from dilute aqueous solution by liquid-liquid extraction. Distribution coefficients and selectivities of a number of mixed solvent systems have been determined in order to assess their suitability in preferentially extracting ethanol from aqueous solution. The measured values of distribution ...

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Influence of very small bubbles on k(L)a measurement in viscous microbiological cultures.

June 28th, 2008
Influence of very small bubbles on k(L)a measurement in viscous microbiological cultures. In gas-liquid dispersions based on viscous non-Newtonian fluids, numerous very small bubbles are formed due to their high residence times in contacting devices such as bubble columns. The influence of these small bubbles on ...

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Adaptive steady-state optimization of biomass productivity in continuous fermentors.

June 28th, 2008
Adaptive steady-state optimization of biomass productivity in continuous fermentors. An adaptive steady-state optimization algorithm is presented and applied to the problem of optimizing the production of biomass in continuous fermentation processes. The algorithm requires no modeling information but is based on an on-line identified linear model, ...

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NMR probes for measuring magnetic fields and field dynamics in MR systems.

June 28th, 2008
NMR probes for measuring magnetic fields and field dynamics in MR systems. High-resolution magnetic field probes based on pulsed liquid-state NMR are presented. Static field measurements with an error of 10 nanotesla or less at 3 tesla are readily obtained in 100 ms. The further ability ...

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Water-fat separation with bipolar multiecho sequences.

June 28th, 2008
Water-fat separation with bipolar multiecho sequences. Multiecho sequences provide an efficient means to acquire multiple echoes in a single repetition, which has found applications in spectroscopy, relaxometry, and water-fat separation. By replacing the fly-back gradients in unipolar multiecho sequences with alternating readout gradients, bipolar multiecho sequences ...

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Spatiotemporal magnetic field monitoring for MR.

June 28th, 2008
Spatiotemporal magnetic field monitoring for MR. MR experiments frequently rely on signal encoding by the application of magnetic fields that vary in both space and time. The accurate interpretation of the resulting signals often requires knowledge of the exact spatiotemporal field evolution during the experiment. To ...

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