Medical and Biomedical Researches

Limitation of growth rate by two complementary nutrients: Some elementary but neglected consideratio

June 28th, 2008
Limitation of growth rate by two complementary nutrients: Some elementary but neglected considerations. Experimental data in the literature show that the yield of biomass from a particular nutrient when that nutrient limits growth rate is often significantly different than the yield from the nutrient when some ...

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Alum flocculation and bioflocculation of activated sludge for vacuum filtration.

June 28th, 2008
Alum flocculation and bioflocculation of activated sludge for vacuum filtration. This study investigated the relationship between sludge loading rate, COD-to-nitrogen ratio of influent waste, and maximum difference in specific resistance as a result of chemical conditioning (DeltaZ). It also related DeltaZ to sludge carbohydrate content, protein ...

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Thermochemical pretreatment of lignocellulose to enhance methane fermentation: II. Evaluation and ap

June 28th, 2008
Thermochemical pretreatment of lignocellulose to enhance methane fermentation: II. Evaluation and application of pretreatment model. A model was developed and evaluated as a tool for predicting the formation of soluble products from staged thermochemical treatment of lignocellulosic materials under acidic conditions typical of autohydrolysis. The model ...

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Thermochemical pretreatment of lignocellulose to enhance methane fermentation: I. Monosaccharide and

June 28th, 2008
Thermochemical pretreatment of lignocellulose to enhance methane fermentation: I. Monosaccharide and furfurals hydrothermal decomposition and product formation rates. Over a pH range 1-4 and temperatures from 170 to 230 degrees C, the decomposition rates of xylose, gaiactose, mannose, glucose, 2-furfural, and 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (5-HMF) were pseudo first ...

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Production and application of methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris.

June 28th, 2008
Production and application of methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. Pichia pastoris is a methylotrophic yeast that makes use bf the enzyme alcohol oxidase to catalyze the first step of the dissimilatory pathway that enables it to grow on methanol. Because of its stability and low substrate specificity, ...

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Revised enzyme synthesis rate expression in cybernetic models of bacterial growth.

June 28th, 2008
Revised enzyme synthesis rate expression in cybernetic models of bacterial growth. A revised enzyme synthesis rate expression for cybernetic models of bacterial growth is presented. The rate expression, which is comprised of inducible and constitutive contributions, provides for a basal enzyme level that is necessary to ...

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Kinetic analysis of bioconversion of cellulose in attrition bioreactor.

June 28th, 2008
Kinetic analysis of bioconversion of cellulose in attrition bioreactor. The attrition bioreactor (ABR) combines wet ball milling and enzymatic hydrolysis in one process step. It was found that the ABR did not accelerate enzyme deacti-vation. Interfacial forces, not shear forces, caused the most deactivation. Elimination of ...

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Concentration multiplicity in a draft tube fluidized-bed bioreactor involving two limiting substrate

June 28th, 2008
Concentration multiplicity in a draft tube fluidized-bed bioreactor involving two limiting substrates. Concentration multiplicity in a two-phase or three-phase draft tube fluidized-bed bioreactor containing biofloc particles is studied. The kinetics of biological reactions considered involve two limiting substrates. The necessary and sufficient conditions for concentration multiplicity ...

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New instrument for on-line viscosity measurement of fermentation media.

June 28th, 2008
New instrument for on-line viscosity measurement of fermentation media. In an attempt to resolve the difficult problem of on-line determination of the viscosity of non-Newtonian fermentation media, the authors have used a vibrating rod sensor mounted on a bioreactor. The sensor signal decreases nonlinearly with increased ...

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Enzymatic function of alginate immobilized rat hepatocytes.

June 28th, 2008
Enzymatic function of alginate immobilized rat hepatocytes. The use of immobilized hepatocytes represents a promising approach for the problem of detoxification in acute hepatic failure. Hepatocyte viability and detoxification function of a number of complex enzyme systems were examined before and after immobilization in alginate droplets. ...

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Modeling dynamic experiments on the anaerobic degradation of molasses wastewater.

June 28th, 2008
Modeling dynamic experiments on the anaerobic degradation of molasses wastewater. The kinetics of anaerobic degradation of a molasses wastewater were measured under constant pH conditions in a laboratory scale packed bed reactor. In continuous and batch experiments the formation and degradation rates of the organic acids ...

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Microheterogeneity of enzymes and deactivation.

June 28th, 2008
Microheterogeneity of enzymes and deactivation. The influence of microheterogeneity on enzyme inactivation kinetics is presented. Examples of different enzymes are given where microheterogeneity has been detected by different techniques. The different statistical models are presented which include the influence of microheterogeneity on enzyme inactivation kinetics and ...

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Recovery of penicillin by reactive extraction in centrifugal extractors.

June 28th, 2008
Recovery of penicillin by reactive extraction in centrifugal extractors. Penicillin V and/or G were extracted from fermentation broth by Amberlite LA-2 in n-butylacetate at pH 5 in a laboratory centrifugal extractor, Type SA 01 of Westfalia, up to an overall phase throughput rate of 30 L/h, ...

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Formation of oligosaccharides during enzymatic lactose hydrolysis and their importance in a whey hyd

June 28th, 2008
Formation of oligosaccharides during enzymatic lactose hydrolysis and their importance in a whey hydrolysis process: Part II: Experimental. Enzymatic lactose hydrolysis using two yeast and two fungal lactases that are of current technical interest was studied. The enzymes were compared regarding their oligosaccharide production. Parameters influencing ...

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Formation of oligosaccharides during enzymatic lactose: Part I: State of art.

June 28th, 2008
Formation of oligosaccharides during enzymatic lactose: Part I: State of art. Enzymatic lactose hydrolysis by beta-galactosidase (lactase) was investigated with respect to the formation of oligosaccharides. An analysis of the formation of oligosaccharides and their control is important in the development of technical applications for enzymatic ...

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Operating parameters’ effects on the outcome of pure and simple competition between two populations

June 28th, 2008
Operating parameters\' effects on the outcome of pure and simple competition between two populations in configurations of two interconnected chemostats. It is known from the literature that two microbial populations competing purely and simply for a common substrate in a spatially inhomogeneous environment may under certain ...

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An enzyme electrode for on-line determination of ethanol and methanol.

June 28th, 2008
An enzyme electrode for on-line determination of ethanol and methanol. Since a stable alcohol oxidase with a high specific activity is not commercially available, we propose to produce and purify this enzyme from a strain of the yeast Hansenula polymorpha. This alcohol oxidase was immobilized into ...

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Potential enhancement of photosynthetic energy conversion in algal mass culture.

June 28th, 2008
Potential enhancement of photosynthetic energy conversion in algal mass culture. Actual laboratory data obtained from steady-state Dunaliella tertiolecta cultures grown under a wide range of photon flux densities were used in a simple model to calculate daily production in a conventional algal mass culture system. In ...

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Evaluation of half-life of immobilized enzyme during continuous reaction in bioreactors: A theoretic

June 28th, 2008
Evaluation of half-life of immobilized enzyme during continuous reaction in bioreactors: A theoretical study. A theoretical study has been carried out on the evaluation of the apparent half-life of immobilized enzyme activity during continuous reaction both in a plug-flow reactor (PFR) and in a continuous-flow stirred-tank ...

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Microencapsulation of human fibroblasts in a water-insoluble polyacrylate.

June 28th, 2008
Microencapsulation of human fibroblasts in a water-insoluble polyacrylate. Viable human diploid fibroblasts have been micro-encapsulated in EUDRAGIT RL, a commercially available water-insoluble polyacrylate, by an interfacial precipitation technique. Cells in medium and polymer solution (in diethyl phthalate) were coextruded and formed into droplets by a coaxial ...

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Economic assessment of plant cell culture for the production of ajmalicine.

June 28th, 2008
Economic assessment of plant cell culture for the production of ajmalicine. Cost estimates have been prepared for commercial-scale production of ajmalicine-rich Catnaranthus roseus biomass using plant cell culture. At the current state of the technology the cost would be approximately $7.30/lb dry biomass ($3215/kg ajmalicine). Naturally-grown ...

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A novel technique for measuring solute diffusivities in entrapment matrices used in immobilization.

June 28th, 2008
A novel technique for measuring solute diffusivities in entrapment matrices used in immobilization. A novel technique has been developed for measuring effective solute diffusivities in entrapment matrices used for cell immobilization. In this technique radiotracers were used to measure effective diffusivities and equilibrium partition coefficients of ...

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Theoretical and experimental studies on the influence of ultrasound on immobilized enzymes.

June 28th, 2008
Theoretical and experimental studies on the influence of ultrasound on immobilized enzymes. Experimental investigations on alpha-amylase and glucoamylase bound to porous polystyrene show that the activity of immobilized enzymes can be raised in the presence of an ultrasonic field. The maximum activity increase in a flow ...

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Oxidation of an inhibitory substrate by washed cells (oxidation of phenol by Pseudomonas putida).

June 28th, 2008
Oxidation of an inhibitory substrate by washed cells (oxidation of phenol by Pseudomonas putida). The specific uptake rate of phenol by washed cells of Pseudomonas putida grown on phenol in steady-state continuous culture at various dilution rates was studied. The Monod-Haldane-type equation was applied to fit ...

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Anaerobic digestion of wood ethanol stillage using upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor.

June 28th, 2008
Anaerobic digestion of wood ethanol stillage using upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor. The anaerobic digestion of wood ethanol stillage in a UASB reactor was studied. At organic loading rates be low 16 kg COD/m(3) day the reactor performed effectively, achieving soluble COD and BOD removals in ...

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