Archive for July, 2008
Thursday, July 3rd, 2008
Plant immune responses triggered by beneficial microbes.
Beneficial soil-borne microorganisms, such as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and mycorrhizal fungi, can improve plant performance by inducing systemic defense responses that confer broad-spectrum resistance to plant pathogens and even insect herbivores. Different beneficial microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) are ...
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Thursday, July 3rd, 2008
Evolution of prokaryotic and eukaryotic virulence effectors.
Coevolutionary interactions between plants and their bacterial and eukaryotic pathogens are mediated by virulence effectors. These effectors face the daunting challenge of carrying out virulence functions, while also potentially exposing the pathogen to host defense systems. Very strong selective ...
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Thursday, July 3rd, 2008
Controlling hormone signaling is a plant and pathogen challenge for growth and survival.
Plants and pathogens have continuously confronted each other during evolution in a battle for growth and survival. New advances in the field have provided fascinating insights into the mechanisms that have co-evolved to ...
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Thursday, July 3rd, 2008
Oxidative damage induced genotoxic effects in human fibroblasts from Xeroderma Pigmentosum group A patients.
Xeroderma Pigmentosum A protein plays a pivotal role in the nucleotide excision repair pathway. Through site-directed binding of rigidly kinked double-stranded DNA, it verifies damaged DNA for subsequent excision and incision. Although ...
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Thursday, July 3rd, 2008
Progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral midbrain of adult mice heterozygote for Engrailed1: A new genetic model for Parkinson\'s disease?
Engrailed1 is a developmental gene of the homeogene family that controls the survival of midbrain dopaminergic neurons throughout life. Since these neurons have been ...
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Thursday, July 3rd, 2008
Limb use and complex ultrasonic vocalization in a rat model of Parkinson\'s disease: Deficit-targeted training.
Recent evidence in animal models of Parkinson\'s disease (PD) suggests that exercise and other forms of motor enhancement can be beneficial when applied during the degeneration of dopamine neurons. Behaviours that ...
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Thursday, July 3rd, 2008
Thoughts on limitations of animal models.
Animal models are a fundamental tool in the life sciences. They have advantages and disadvantages compared with other approaches. In a few instances, they represent the only reasonable approach. However, increasingly modern methods allow the 3R principle of reducing, refining ...
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Thursday, July 3rd, 2008
Characterization of the Engrailed mutant mice as experimental models for Parkinson\'s disease.
Engrailed genes are homeodomain-containing transcription factors necessary for the development and maintenance of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons. Deletion in the Engrailed genes has been shown to affect the survival of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons both during ...
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Thursday, July 3rd, 2008
Viral vectors, animal models and new therapies for Parkinson\'s disease.
The involvement of alpha-synuclein in familial forms of Parkinson\'s disease suggests a potential causative role in the pathogenesis. We have explored the possibility of generating animal models of Parkinson\'s disease by overexpressing alpha-synuclein in the nigrostriatal ...
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Thursday, July 3rd, 2008
Effect of spatial filtering on crosstalk reduction in surface EMG recordings.
Increasing the selectivity of the detection system in surface electromyography (EMG) is beneficial in the collection of information of a specific portion of the investigated muscle and to reduce the contribution of undesired components, such ...
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Thursday, July 3rd, 2008
Changes in milk protein composition during acute involution at different phases of tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii) lactation.
This study exploited the unusual lactation cycle of the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii) to characterise milk composition during acute involution, a time when the mammary gland is subjected to ...
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Thursday, July 3rd, 2008
Homology models of the mutated EGFR and their response towards quinazolin analogues.
One of the most intensely studied tyrosine kinases is the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The tyrosine kinase receptors are known to be over expressed in some solid tumors and non-small cell lung cancers, ...
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Thursday, July 3rd, 2008
Improved J-compensated sequences based on short composite pulses.
Efficient J-compensated sequences that are shorter in duration and use less RF pulses have been created from short but very efficient composite 90 degrees RF pulses. The improved J-compensation transforms in-phase into antiphase magnetization and can be incorporated ...
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Thursday, July 3rd, 2008
Efficacy and safety of lamotrigine monotherapy in children and adolescents with epilepsy.
Lamotrigine (LTG) has shown to confer broad-spectrum, well-tolerated control of epilepsy. Monotherapy is preferable over polytherapy because of better compliance, fewer adverse events, less interactions, lower teratogenicity and lower cost. The aim of this ...
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Thursday, July 3rd, 2008
A review of developmental outcomes of term infants with post-asphyxia neonatal encephalopathy.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Post-asphyxia neonatal encephalopathy (NE) is one of the main causes of disabilities in term-born infants. This review attempted to investigate the developmental outcomes of term-born infants with post-asphyxia NE. METHOD: An electronic search ...
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Thursday, July 3rd, 2008
Vagus nerve stimulation for refractory status epilepticus.
We report on the long-term follow-up of a patient with refractory non-convulsive SE who was successfully treated with VNS. A 7-year old girl with a medical history of thrombosis in the right internal cerebral vein and right thalamic bleeding ...
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Thursday, July 3rd, 2008
Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome in childhood.
Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) is a rare autoimmune disorder of the neuromuscular junction. LEMS can be associated with a variety of neoplasms. Patients present with proximal muscle weakness and fatigability, often combined with areflexia. Only 5% of reported cases are children. ...
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Thursday, July 3rd, 2008
Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging findings of a patient with neonatal citrullinemia during acute episode.
Reports on citrullinemia usually describe the imaging findings in the adult form of the disease. However, neuroimaging findings of neonatal cases are seldom reported. We report on the diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging ...
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Thursday, July 3rd, 2008
Superoxide dismutase activity as a measure of hepatic oxidative stress in cattle following ethionine administration.
The goal of this study was to assess if oxidative stress, as measured by alterations in the concentrations of antioxidant enzymes in the liver and erythrocytes of cattle, could be induced ...
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Thursday, July 3rd, 2008
Multidimensional Characterization of Carotid Artery Stenosis Using CT Imaging: A Comparison with Ultrasound Grading and Peak Flow Measurement.
PURPOSE: Clinical decision making for carotid surgery depends largely upon stenosis grade. While digital subtraction angiography remains the gold standard for stenosis grading, many physicians use less invasive ...
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Thursday, July 3rd, 2008
The effects of neuregulin1 on brain function in controls and patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
Recent studies have identified neuregulin1 as a probable susceptibility gene for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. However, little is known about how this gene may affect brain function to increase vulnerability ...
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Thursday, July 3rd, 2008
A mouse model for studying large-scale neuronal networks using EEG mapping techniques.
Human functional imaging studies are increasingly focusing on the identification of large-scale neuronal networks, their temporal properties, their development, and their plasticity and recovery after brain lesions. A method targeting large-scale networks in rodents ...
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Thursday, July 3rd, 2008
Multi-site voxel-based morphometry: Methods and a feasibility demonstration with childhood absence epilepsy.
AIM: Voxel-based morphometry analysis of neurological disorders would benefit if it could use data acquired from different scanners, but scanner based contrast variation could interfere with the detection of disease-specific structural abnormalities. In this ...
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Thursday, July 3rd, 2008
Muscle activation during a reach-to-grasp movement in sitting position: Influence of the distance.
The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of the reach distance on the muscle activation during a reach-to-grasp movement in the sitting position. Ten healthy male volunteers were tested. Surface ...
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Thursday, July 3rd, 2008
Selective activation of neuromuscular compartments within the human trapezius muscle.
Task-dependent differences in relative activity between \"functional\" subdivisions within human muscles are well documented. Contrary, independent voluntary control of anatomical subdivisions, termed neuromuscular compartments is not observed in human muscles. Therefore, the main aim of this ...
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