Archive for May, 2008
Thursday, May 1st, 2008
Cognition and brain imaging in type 1 diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes has mild effects on cognition that are influenced by age of onset, hyperglycemia, and hypoglycemic episodes. Some of these changes occur quite early in the disease course. Studies using relatively new brain imaging techniques have ...
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Thursday, May 1st, 2008
Behavioral aspects of weight loss in type 2 diabetes.
Recent research has clearly shown that lifestyle intervention can reduce the risk of diabetes in those with impaired glucose tolerance; weight reduction appears to be the primary determinant of this effect. Weight loss can also improve glycemic ...
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Thursday, May 1st, 2008
Psychosocial and behavioral aspects of diabetic foot lesions.
This article reviews key findings from recently conducted and ongoing studies into how patients adapt to diabetic foot complications by focusing on two areas. These areas include the role of psychological factors in guiding preventive foot self-care and ...
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Thursday, May 1st, 2008
Immunomodulation of autoimmune diabetes by dendritic cells.
The biology and properties of dendritic cells (DCs) have been intensely studied in the research areas of infectious diseases, tumor immunology, and vaccine development. This unique subset of immune cells has recently also moved to the center of interest ...
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Thursday, May 1st, 2008
T cells in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes.
T lymphocytes\' crucial role in the autoimmune process leading to insulin-dependent type 1 diabetes is now universally recognized. Research focuses on identifying pathogenic and nonpathogenic T cells, understanding how they are primed and expanded, characterizing their antigen ...
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Thursday, May 1st, 2008
Latent (Slowly Progressing) Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults.
About 10% of patients with the clinical presentation of type 2 diabetes suffer from an autoimmune form of diabetes associated with a rapid decline of residual beta-cell mass and subsequent development of insulin dependency. In this condition, called latent ...
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Thursday, May 1st, 2008
Modulating the natural history of type 1 diabetes in children at high genetic risk by mucosal insulin immunization.
Mucosal administration of insulin represents an attractive antigen-specific therapeutic approach to preventing type 1 diabetes. It can prevent autoimmune diabetes in animal models, but although it has been ...
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Thursday, May 1st, 2008
cAMP Modulates Macrophage Development by Suppressing M-CSF-Induced MAPKs Activation.
M-CSF is a key cytokine in macrophage development by inducing MAPKs activation, and cAMP can inhibit MAPKs activation induced by inflammatory stimuli. To explore the effects of cAMP on M-CSF-induced MAPKs activation and on macrophage development, the ...
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Thursday, May 1st, 2008
Defect of CD8+ Memory T Cells Developed in Absence of IL-12 Priming for Secondary Expansion.
IL-12 priming plays an important role in stimulation of CD8+ effector T cells and development of CD8+ memory T (Tm) cells. However, the functional alteration of CD8+ Tm cells developed in ...
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Thursday, May 1st, 2008
Activity after Site-Directed Mutagenesis of CD59 on Complement- Mediated Cytolysis.
CD59 may inhibit the cytolytic activity of complement by binding to C8/C9 and protect host cell membranes against homologous membrane attack complex (MAC). However, CD59 is widely overexpressed on tumor cells, which has been implicated in ...
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Thursday, May 1st, 2008
Dysfunction of murine dendritic cells induced by incubation with tumor cells.
In vivo studies showed that dendritic cell (DC) dysfunction occurred in tumor microenvironment. As tumors were composed of many kinds of cells, the direct effects of tumor cells on immature DCs (imDCs) are needed for ...
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Thursday, May 1st, 2008
Distinct Effect of CD40 and TNF-Signaling on the Chemokine/Chemokine Receptor Expression and Function of the Human Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells.
A key and limiting step in the process of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (mDCs) for clinical use is their in vitro maturation and in vivo migration. We ...
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Thursday, May 1st, 2008
Apoptosis and Proinflammatory Cytokine Responses of Primary Mouse Microglia and Astrocytes Induced by Human H1N1 and Avian H5N1 Influenza Viruses.
Patients with an influenza virus infection can be complicated by acute encephalopathy and encephalitis. To investigate the immune reactions involved in the neurocomplication, mouse microglia and ...
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Thursday, May 1st, 2008
Stem cell niche, the microenvironment and immunological crosstalk.
The concept of stem cells, their physiological existence, the intricate anatomical localization, the known and the unknown functions, and their exclusive utility for the purpose of regenerative medicine, are all now encompassed within an emergent question, \'how compatible ...
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Thursday, May 1st, 2008
Human TSLP-Educated DCs.
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), an IL-7-related cytokine, is widely expressed by epithelial cells in many tissues with different biological effects. Human TSLP (hTSLP) has been shown to play an important role in promoting T cell homeostasis, developing nondeletional central tolerance, amplifying epithelium-induced class ...
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Thursday, May 1st, 2008
Salmonella typhi: from a human pathogen to a vaccine vector.
Salmonella (S.) typhi is an important intracellular pathogen. Among the more than 2,300 closely-related Salmonella serovars bacteria recognized, S. typhi is the only one that is pathogenic exclusively for humans, in whom it causes typhoid or ...
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Thursday, May 1st, 2008
Interleukin-7 receptor signaling network: an integrated systems perspective.
Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is an essential cytokine for the development and homeostatic maintenance of T and B lymphocytes. Binding of IL-7 to its cognate receptor, the IL-7 receptor (IL-7R), activates multiple pathways that regulate lymphocyte survival, glucose uptake, proliferation ...
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Thursday, May 1st, 2008
[Cytogenetoxicity induced by 2, 2\', 4, 4\'-tetrabromodiphenyl ethers combined with 2, 2\', 4, 4\', 5-hex-achlorobiphenyl treatment in SH-SY5Y cells.]
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the cytogenetoxicity of 2, 2\', 4, 4\'-tetrabromodiphenyl ethers (PBDE-47) combined with 2, 2\', 4, 4\', 5-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB153) treatment in SH-SY5Y cells. METHODS: Exponentially growing ...
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Thursday, May 1st, 2008
[Detection of binding of three aldehyde compounds with DNA using high performance liquid chromatograph.]
OBJECTIVE: To detect the binding sites and characteristics of the adduct from the reaction of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein with DNA. METHODS: Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein were reacted with four kinds of deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate ...
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Thursday, May 1st, 2008
[MicroRNA profiles of malignantly transformed cells induced by anti-benzo-a-pyrene-trans-7, 8-dihy-drodiol-9, 10-epoxide.]
OBJECTIVE: To screen microRNA (miRNA) profiles of malignantly transformed cells in-duced by anti-benzo-a-pyrene-trans-7, 8-dihydrodiol-9, 10-epoxide (BPDE) and to look for miRNAs which is expressed differently between malignantly transformed cells and normal human bronchial epithelial cells ...
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Thursday, May 1st, 2008
[Quantitative method of health risk assessment for occupational exposure to benzene based on dose-re-sponse models.]
OBJECTIVE: To study a quantitative method of health risk assessment for occupational expo-sure to benzene, and to provide theoretical basis for occupational health risk research in our country. METHODS: The probability ...
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Thursday, May 1st, 2008
[Activated protein 1-cyclin D1/E2F 1 pathways involved in cell cycle changes induced by benzo (a) pyrene.]
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the roles of activated protein 1 (AP-1) in cell cycle changes on human embryo lung fibroblasts (HELF) induced by benzo (a) pyrene [B (a) P], and relationships ...
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Thursday, May 1st, 2008
[Selection of bak siRNA sequences and its influence on Al-induced apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cell line.]
OBJECTIVE: To find the optimal design of small interfering RNA compounds, transfection concentration and transfection time to reduce the Al-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. METHODS: Three siRNA sequences on bak gene ...
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Thursday, May 1st, 2008
Political disagreement in intergroup terms: Contextual variation and the influence of power.
In two studies we examined justificatory attributions made in the face of political disagreement. Study 1 showed that Australian supporters and opponents of Australian involvement in the 2003 invasion of Iraq made stereotypical attributions ...
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Thursday, May 1st, 2008
Effects of Castration and Testosterone Replacement on Antioxidant Defense System in the Rat Left Ventricle.
There is strong evidence that oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathophysiology of several cardiovascular diseases. On the other hand, the presence of specific receptors for androgens and estrogens ...
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