Archive for May, 2008
Thursday, May 1st, 2008
Parent Training: Implementation Strategies for Adventures in Parenting.
Adventures in Parenting, an informational booklet published by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, offers five principles that parents can use to develop a mental model of parenting: Responding, Preventing, Monitoring, Mentoring, and Modeling (RPM3). ...
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Thursday, May 1st, 2008
Quality of Provider-Participant Relationships and Enhancement of Adolescent Social Skills.
This study adds to the limited research on the potential importance of the quality of the relationship between adult prevention service providers and youth participants in enhancing social skills and strengthening prevention outcomes. Study subjects were ...
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Thursday, May 1st, 2008
A Health Behaviour Cross-Sectional Study of Immigrants and Non-immigrants in a Swiss Urban General-Practice Setting.
Background Little is known about smoking, unhealthy use of alcohol, and risk behaviours for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in immigrants from developed and developing countries. Method We performed a cross-sectional study ...
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Thursday, May 1st, 2008
Kampo Medicine \"Dai-Kenchu-To\" Prevents Bacterial Translocation in Rats.
Kampo medicine \"Dai-kenchu-to\" (DKT) has been used for treatment of ileus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of DKT on the bacterial translocation (BT) model in rats. Rats were divided into the following four ...
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Thursday, May 1st, 2008
The prevalence of PALB2 germline mutations in BRCA1/BRCA2 negative Chinese women with early onset breast cancer or affected relatives.
PALB2 has been recently identified as breast cancer susceptibility gene in western populations. To investigate the contribution of PALB2 mutations to Chinese non-BRCA1/BRCA2 hereditary breast cancer, we ...
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Thursday, May 1st, 2008
Symptoms of Anxiety, Depression, and Aggression in Non-clinical Children: Relationships with Self-report and Performance-based Measures of Attention and Effortful Control.
This study investigated the relation between the regulative trait of effortful control, and in particular attention control, and psychopathological symptoms in a sample of 207 non-clinical ...
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Thursday, May 1st, 2008
A Space Odyssey: Experimental Manipulation of Threat Perception and Anxiety-Related Interpretation Bias in Children.
This study provides a first test of an experimental method, the \"space odyssey\" paradigm, that was designed to manipulate interpretation bias in children. Seventy non-clinical children aged 8-12 years first completed a ...
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Thursday, May 1st, 2008
Path-finding in real and simulated rats: assessing the influence of path characteristics on navigation learning.
A large body of experimental evidence suggests that the hippocampal place field system is involved in reward based navigation learning in rodents. Reinforcement learning (RL) mechanisms have been used to model ...
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Thursday, May 1st, 2008
Prenatal Screening for Infectious Diseases: An Analysis of Disparities and Adherence to Policy in California.
Objectives Prenatal infectious diseases are a major cause of mortality and morbidity among newborns, but many are preventable with proper maternal screening and treatment. Methods Adherence to prenatal infectious disease screening ...
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Thursday, May 1st, 2008
Validation of a Method for Collecting Annual, Population-based Oral Health Data for the MCH Title V Block Grant.
Objectives This study sought to determine whether estimates of oral health-related indicators generated using a relatively small purposive sample of schools were reasonable. Methods We collected and analyzed ...
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Thursday, May 1st, 2008
Approaches to handling pharmacodynamic baseline responses.
A few approaches for handling baseline responses are available for use in pharmacokinetic (PK)-pharmacodynamic (PD) analysis. They include: (method 1-B1) estimation of the typical value and interindividual variability (IIV) of baseline in the population, (B2) inclusion of the observed baseline ...
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Thursday, May 1st, 2008
Drivers of Hiring Discrimination for Individuals with Disabilities.
Introduction Hiring discrimination in the workplace is defined as failure or refusal by an employer to engage a qualified applicant as an employee due to the existence or consequence of disability. The specific intent of this study is ...
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Thursday, May 1st, 2008
Discrimination in Hiring Under the Americans with Disabilities Act: An Overview of the National EEOC ADA Research Project.
This article is intended to provide an overview of the National EEOC ADA Research Project. It also previews four subsequent articles pertaining to the issue of hiring discrimination ...
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Thursday, May 1st, 2008
Nobel Prizes and the emerging virus concept.
The existence of infectious agents smaller than bacteria was demonstrated already during the 1890s. After this discovery it took more than 50 years before a resilient definition of viruses could be given. There were separate developments of knowledge concerning ...
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Thursday, May 1st, 2008
Identification of a recombinant dengue virus type 1 with 3 recombination regions in natural populations in Guangdong province, China.
Using recombination analysis, we identified a recombinant dengue virus type 1 strain, namely, GD23/95, with three recombination regions, located within the sequences of the prM/E junction, NS1, ...
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Thursday, May 1st, 2008
Seroprevalence distribution of Aichi virus among a French population in 2006-2007.
Little is known about the epidemiology of Aichi virus, which is a new member of the family Picornaviridae, in the genus Kobuvirus. We report here on seroprevalence in France. Sera were screened using an enzyme-linked ...
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Thursday, May 1st, 2008
Treatment of Tendinopathy: What Works, What Does Not, and What is on the Horizon.
Tendinopathy is a broad term encompassing painful conditions occurring in and around tendons in response to overuse. Recent basic science research suggests little or no inflammation is present in these conditions. Thus, ...
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Thursday, May 1st, 2008
Orthopaedic Surgeons Prefer to Participate in Expertise-based Randomized Trials.
Empiric data and theoretical arguments suggest an alternative randomized clinical trial (RCT) design, called expertise-based RCT, has enhanced validity, applicability, and ethical integrity compared with conventional RCT. Little is known, however, about whether physicians will participate in ...
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Thursday, May 1st, 2008
Bioabsorbable Glycolide Copolymer Staple-Line Reinforcement Decreases Internal Hernia Rate After Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass.
BACKGROUND: Internal hernias (IHs) can occur after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGBP), perhaps because of a lack of adhesion formation at the cut edges of the mesentery and a cutting through of ...
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Thursday, May 1st, 2008
Prompt Treatment of Intestinal Obstruction after Biliopancreatic Diversion can Save the Intestinal Loop.
Bariatric surgery is becoming an accepted method for weight reduction. Biliopancreatic diversion is reserved for high initial BMI. With the increasing number of these procedures, the reports of complications become more important and ...
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Thursday, May 1st, 2008
Radical Redo Surgery for Local Rectal Cancer Recurrence Improves Overall Survival: A Single Center Experience.
BACKGROUND: To date, the survival benefit of redo surgery in locally recurrent rectal adenocarcinoma remains unclear. STUDY DESIGN: In an institutional study, operations for recurrence were retrospectively analyzed. Survival was calculated ...
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Thursday, May 1st, 2008
Adult Type I Choledochal Cyst Resection.
Type I choledochal cysts are characterized by fusiform dilatation of the common bile duct, commonly associated with an anomalous pancreatobiliary duct junction. Most are diagnosed in childhood, but the diagnosis may be delayed until adulthood. All type I choledochal cysts ...
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Thursday, May 1st, 2008
Total Gastrointestinal Tract Necrosis After Ingesting a Considerable Amount of Hydrochloric Acid.
BACKGROUND: It has not been reported that ingesting large amounts of strong acid resulted in total gastrointestinal tract necrosis. Here we describe a case of a man with total gastrointestinal tract necrosis after ingestion ...
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Thursday, May 1st, 2008
Using a Pocket Card to Improve End-of-life Care on Internal Medicine Clinical Teaching Units: A Cluster-randomized Controlled Trial.
BACKGROUND: End-of-life care is suboptimally taught in undergraduate and postgraduate education in Canada. Previous interventions to improve residents\' knowledge and comfort have involved lengthy comprehensive educational modules or ...
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Thursday, May 1st, 2008
Knowledge Retention after an Online Tutorial: A Randomized Educational Experiment among Resident Physicians.
BACKGROUND: The time course of physicians\' knowledge retention after learning activities has not been well characterized. Understanding the time course of retention is critical to optimizing the reinforcement of knowledge. DESIGN: Educational follow-up ...
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