Treatment changes in Class II malocclusion.
Sunday, March 16th, 2008Treatment changes in Class II malocclusion. Upadhyay M, Yadav S.
Archive for the ‘researches 4’ Category
Treatment changes in Class II malocclusion. Upadhyay M, Yadav S.
Are we moving in the right direction to improve Angle’s classification?
Sunday, March 16th, 2008Are we moving in the right direction to improve Angle\'s classification? Noroozi H.
Research award winners recognized.
Sunday, March 16th, 2008Research award winners recognized. Turpin DL. Seattle, Wash.
A morphological study of the nucleus subpretectalis of the pigeon.
Sunday, March 16th, 2008A morphological study of the nucleus subpretectalis of the pigeon. In pigeons, the tectofugal system is functionally as well as structurally lateralized. So for example the right nucleus rotundus is less modulated by right forebrain influences than the left nucleus rotundus by the left ones. This ...
Grouping of artificial objects in pigeons: An inquiry into the cognitive architecture of an avian mi
Sunday, March 16th, 2008Grouping of artificial objects in pigeons: An inquiry into the cognitive architecture of an avian mind. How does a pigeon see the world? Although pigeons are known to be adept at learning large numbers of figures, colors, and natural images, various experiments show that their visual ...
Comparative analysis of gene expressions among avian brains: A molecular approach to the evolution o
Sunday, March 16th, 2008Comparative analysis of gene expressions among avian brains: A molecular approach to the evolution of vocal learning. Among avian species, three families of birds (songbirds, parrots, and hummingbirds) learn songs. In the brain of these vocal learners, there are neural networks called \'song systems\' that specialize ...
Afferent and efferent connections of the mesencephalic reticular formation in goldfish.
Sunday, March 16th, 2008Afferent and efferent connections of the mesencephalic reticular formation in goldfish. The physiology of the mesencephalic reticular formation (MRF) in goldfish suggests its contribution to eye and body movements, but the afferent and efferent connections underlying such movements have not been determined. Therefore, we injected the ...
Vomeronasal inputs to the rodent ventral striatum.
Sunday, March 16th, 2008Vomeronasal inputs to the rodent ventral striatum. Vertebrates sense chemical signals through the olfactory and vomeronasal systems. In squamate reptiles, which possess the largest vomeronasal system of all vertebrates, the accessory olfactory bulb projects to the nucleus sphericus, which in turn projects to a portion of ...
Sexual pheromones and the evolution of the reward system of the brain: The chemosensory function of
Sunday, March 16th, 2008Sexual pheromones and the evolution of the reward system of the brain: The chemosensory function of the amygdala. The amygdala of all tetrapod vertebrates receives direct projections from the main and accessory olfactory bulbs, and the strong similarities in the organization of these projections suggest that ...
Evolution of brains, cognition, and consciousness.
Sunday, March 16th, 2008Evolution of brains, cognition, and consciousness. Most current hypotheses about the neural basis for consciousness, including higher-level consciousness, are based on mammalian neural features, particularly focusing on thalamocortical circuitry. It is postulated here that since higher-level consciousness is correlated with higher-level cognitive abilities in humans and ...
The dolphin brain-A challenge for synthetic neurobiology.
Sunday, March 16th, 2008The dolphin brain-A challenge for synthetic neurobiology. Toothed whales (odontocetes) are a promising paradigm for neurobiology and evolutionary biology. The ecophysiological implications and structural adaptations of their brain seem to reflect the necessity of effective underwater hearing for echolocation (sonar), navigation, and communication. However, not all ...
Aging of the circadian system in zebrafish and the effects of melatonin on sleep and cognitive perfo
Sunday, March 16th, 2008Aging of the circadian system in zebrafish and the effects of melatonin on sleep and cognitive performance. Aging is a complex process involving intracellular changes and, notably, modifications in intercellular communications, required for coordinated responses to internal and external events. One of the potential reasons for ...
Developmental changes of calretinin immunoreactivity in the lamprey spinal cord.
Sunday, March 16th, 2008Developmental changes of calretinin immunoreactivity in the lamprey spinal cord. We studied the distribution of calretinin immunoreactivity (CR-ir) in the rostral and intermediate levels of the spinal cord of lampreys from embryonic to adult periods. CR-ir was first observed at hatching in motoneurons and primary sensory ...
Dendrodendritic and dendrosomatic contacts between oculomotor and trochlear motoneurons of the frog,
Sunday, March 16th, 2008Dendrodendritic and dendrosomatic contacts between oculomotor and trochlear motoneurons of the frog, Rana esculenta. Gaze fixation requires very fast movements of the eye during body displacement. The morphological and physiological background of the very fine and continuous tuning of gaze fixation is not yet fully understood. ...
Development of the diencephalic relay structures of the visual thalamofugal system in pigeons.
Sunday, March 16th, 2008Development of the diencephalic relay structures of the visual thalamofugal system in pigeons. To compare the developmental pattern of the visual tecto- and thalamofugal pathways in the altricial pigeon, we examined the posthatch differentiation of the retinothalamic system. Choleratoxin was injected into the left and right ...
Hyaluronan accumulates around differentiating neurons in spinal cord of chicken embryos.
Sunday, March 16th, 2008Hyaluronan accumulates around differentiating neurons in spinal cord of chicken embryos. One major component of the extracellular matrix is hyaluronan (HA) which is thought to play a crucial role in the development of different organs including the central nervous system (CNS). HA is bound by specific ...
Tangentially migrating GABAergic cells of subpallial origin invade massively the pallium in developi
Sunday, March 16th, 2008Tangentially migrating GABAergic cells of subpallial origin invade massively the pallium in developing sharks. We studied the development of the GABAergic system in the telencephalon of the dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula using GABA and glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) immunocytochemistry. The earliest GABA-expressing cells appeared in the basal telencephalon ...
Development and adult organization of the lateral part of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in
Sunday, March 16th, 2008Development and adult organization of the lateral part of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in the chicken. The lateral part of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BSTL) is a component of the subpallial amygdala located near the ventral sulcus of the lateral ...
Evolution of cortical neurogenesis.
Sunday, March 16th, 2008Evolution of cortical neurogenesis. The neurons of the mammalian neocortex are organised into six layers. By contrast, the reptilian and avian dorsal cortices only have three layers which are thought to be equivalent to layers I, V and VI of mammals. Increased repertoire of mammalian higher ...
The evolution of the complex sensory and motor systems of the human brain.
Sunday, March 16th, 2008The evolution of the complex sensory and motor systems of the human brain. Inferences about how the complex sensory and motor systems of the human brain evolved are based on the results of comparative studies of brain organization across a range of mammalian species, and evidence ...
Genetic and epigenetic contributions to the cortical phenotype in mammals.
Sunday, March 16th, 2008Genetic and epigenetic contributions to the cortical phenotype in mammals. One aspect of cortical organization, cortical field size, is variable both within and across species. The observed variability arises from a variety of sources, including genes intrinsic to the neocortex and a number of extrinsic and ...
Calbindin-D28k and calretinin as markers of retinal neurons in the anuran amphibian Rana perezi.
Sunday, March 16th, 2008Calbindin-D28k and calretinin as markers of retinal neurons in the anuran amphibian Rana perezi. In the present study we have analyzed the distribution of the calcium binding proteins calbindin-D28k (CB) and calretinin (CR) immunoreactive cells in the retina of the anuran Rana perezi using poly- and ...
Immunocytochemical study of calretinin and calbindin D-28K expression in the retina of three cartila
Sunday, March 16th, 2008Immunocytochemical study of calretinin and calbindin D-28K expression in the retina of three cartilaginous fishes and a cladistian (Polypterus). The distribution of two calcium-binding proteins, calbindin D-28K (CB) and calretinin (CR) was studied in the retina of a cladistian, Polypterus senegalus, and three cartilaginous fishes (Scyliorhinus ...