Archive for the ‘researches 4’ Category
Sunday, March 16th, 2008
Specialized shell-breaking crab claws in Cretaceous seas.
Here we report on a large brachyuran crab species from the Late Cretaceous of Mexico that has claws indicative of highly specialized shell-breaking behaviour. This crab possessed dimorphic claws (the right larger than the left), armed with several broad ...
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Sunday, March 16th, 2008
A new, nearly complete stem turtle from the Jurassic of South America with implications for turtle evolution.
Turtles have been known since the Upper Triassic (210Myr old); however, fossils recording the first steps of turtle evolution are scarce and often fragmentary. As a consequence, one of ...
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Sunday, March 16th, 2008
Bradykinin stimulates prostaglandin E2 production and cyclooxygenase activity in equine nonglandular and glandular gastric mucosa in vitro.
Reasons for performing study: There are few data available regarding regulation of prostaglandin (PG) generation by equine gastric mucosae and the role of the cyclooxygenase (COX) isoforms in their ...
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Sunday, March 16th, 2008
Visual signals of status and rival assessment in Polistes dominulus paper wasps.
Aggressive competition is an important aspect of social interactions, but conflict can be costly. Some animals are thought to minimize the costs of conflict by using conventional signals of agonistic ability (i.e. badges of ...
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Sunday, March 16th, 2008
Usefulness of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for evaluating solitary pulmonary nodules.
Evaluation of solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) poses a challenge to radiologists. Chest computed tomography (CT) is considered the standard technique for assessing morphologic findings and intrathoracic spread of an SPN. Although the clinical role of ...
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Sunday, March 16th, 2008
Thermal ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cause of cancer, and its incidence is increasing worldwide because of the dissemination of hepatitis B and C virus infection. Patients with cirrhosis are at the highest risk of developing HCC and should ...
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Sunday, March 16th, 2008
Radiofrequency ablation of pulmonary tumours: current status.
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for thoracic tumours has emerged as a minimally invasive therapy option for primary and secondary lung tumours and has gained increasing acceptance for pain palliation. The procedure is well tolerated and the complication rates are low. ...
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Sunday, March 16th, 2008
Post-operative imaging of soft tissue sarcomas.
Soft tissue sarcomas are uncommon malignancies that have a high risk of local recurrence despite adequate initial surgery. The aim of follow-up imaging with any malignancy is to detect recurrence promptly so that treatment can be instigated at the earliest ...
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Sunday, March 16th, 2008
BNP and NT-proBNP predict echocardiographic severity of diastolic dysfunction.
AIMS: To evaluate the best combination of clinical parameters and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) or N-terminal pro-BNP (NT-proBNP), to predict diastolic dysfunction (DD) in heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (HF-PLEF) as determined by Doppler-echocardiography. ...
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Sunday, March 16th, 2008
Heart failure in the elderly: How risky is it to be discharged?
Nieminen MS, Harjola VP.
FESC, Division of Cardiology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
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Sunday, March 16th, 2008
Oxidized proteins in plasma of patients with heart failure: Role in endothelial damage.
BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress is increased in the failing heart, and this might contribute to the pathogenesis of myocardial remodelling and heart failure (HF). AIM: To identify the oxidized proteins in plasma of chronic ...
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Sunday, March 16th, 2008
Authority, objectivity, evidence: scientific photography in Victorian Britain.
Ellenbogen J.
University of Pittsburgh, Art History Department, Frick Fine Arts, 104 Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
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Sunday, March 16th, 2008
Clustering humans: on biological boundaries.
We inquire into the notions of \'boundary\' and \'cluster\' in the fields of medical genetics, pharmacogenetics, and population genetics. First we show that the two notions are not well discussed in literature. Then we propose a promising explication of them, in ...
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Sunday, March 16th, 2008
Is the language of intentional psychology an efficient tool for evolutionists?
The language of intentional psychology is commonly used as a means of addressing issues concerning selection. This habit is generally considered an efficient shorthand, but oft-reported misunderstandings leave room for doubt. I stress the general ...
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Sunday, March 16th, 2008
Could sexual selection have made us psychological altruists?
Psychological altruism (being motivated by the needs of others) has a tendency to produce behaviour that is costly in evolutionary terms. How, then, could the capacity for psychological altruism evolve? One suggestion is that it is the result ...
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Sunday, March 16th, 2008
Why don\'t zebras have machine guns? Adaptation, selection, and constraints in evolutionary theory.
In an influential paper, Stephen Jay Gould and Richard Lewontin (1979) contrasted selection-driven adaptation with phylogenetic, architectural, and developmental constraints as distinct causes of phenotypic evolution. In subsequent publications Gould (e.g., 1997a,b, 2002) ...
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Sunday, March 16th, 2008
The biomedical standardization of premenstrual syndrome.
This essay traces the history of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in French, British, and American medical literature from 1950 to 2004. Aetiological theories, treatments and diagnostic criteria have varied over time and place, reflecting local conditions and changing notions of objectivity ...
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Sunday, March 16th, 2008
Making way for molecular biology: institutionalizing and managing reform of biological science in a UK university during the 1980s and 1990s.
Historians agree that the second half of the twentieth century saw widespread changes in the structure of biological science in universities. This shift was, and ...
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Sunday, March 16th, 2008
Invisible genomes: the genomics revolution and patenting practice.
In the mid-1990s, the company Human Genome Sciences submitted three potentially revolutionary patent applications to the US Patent and Trademark Office, each of which claimed the entire genome sequence of a microorganism. The patent examiners, however, objected to ...
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Sunday, March 16th, 2008
Specialization and medical mycology in the US, Britain and Japan.
This paper attempts to bring new insights to a long-standing historical debate over medical specialization by analyzing the formation of medical mycology, a somewhat marginal biomedical discipline that emerged in the mid-twentieth century around studies of ...
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Sunday, March 16th, 2008
In search of the best explanation about the nature of the gene: Avery on pneumococcal transformation.
In this paper I present a model of rational belief change, and I show how to use it to obtain a better insight into the debate about the nature of ...
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Sunday, March 16th, 2008
Darwin and the linguists: the coevolution of mind and language, Part 2. The language-thought relationship.
This paper examines Charles Darwin\'s idea that language-use and humanity\'s unique cognitive abilities reinforced each other\'s evolutionary emergence-an idea Darwin sketched in his early notebooks, set forth in his Descent of ...
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Sunday, March 16th, 2008
On the validity of Freud\'s dream interpretations.
In this article I defend Freud\'s method of dream interpretation against those who criticise it as involving a fallacy-namely, the reverse causal fallacy-and those who criticise it as permitting many interpretations, indeed any that the interpreter wants to put ...
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Sunday, March 16th, 2008
Reverend Paley\'s naturalist revival.
This paper analyzes the remarkable popularity of William Paley\'s argument from design among contemporary naturalists in biology and the philosophy of science. In philosophy of science Elliott Sober has argued that creationism should be excluded from the schools not because it is ...
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Sunday, March 16th, 2008
Causal (mis)understanding and the search for scientific explanations: a case study from the history of medicine.
In 1747, James Lind carried out an experiment which proved the usefulness of citrus fruit as a cure for scurvy. Nonetheless, he rejected the earlier hypothesis of Bachstrom that the ...
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