Archive for the ‘for26cat’ Category
Saturday, June 28th, 2008
Feasibility and reproducibility of relaxometry, morphometric, and geometrical measurements of the hip joint with magnetic resonance imaging at 3T.
PURPOSE: To test the feasibility of in vivo magnetic resonance T(1rho) relaxation time measurements of hip cartilage, and quantify the reproducibility of hip cartilage thickness, volume, T(2), ...
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Saturday, June 28th, 2008
Vascular space occupancy-dependent functional MRI by tissue suppression.
PURPOSE: To measure the cerebral blood volume (CBV) dynamics during neural activation, a novel technique named vascular space occupancy (VASO)-based functional MRI (fMRI) was recently introduced for noninvasive CBV detection. However, its application is limited because of its ...
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Saturday, June 28th, 2008
MRI phase contrast velocity and flow errors in turbulent stenotic jets.
PURPOSE: To clarify the use of MRI phase contrast (PC), as an alternative to Doppler echocardiography, when measuring high-velocity turbulent jets associated with stenotic valvular disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In vivo PC aortic stroke volume ...
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Saturday, June 28th, 2008
A regularized two-tensor model fit to low angular resolution diffusion images using basis directions.
PURPOSE: To resolve and regularize orientation estimates for two crossing fibers from images acquired with conventional diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) sampling schemes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Partial volume causes artifacts in DTI. Given ...
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Saturday, June 28th, 2008
Investigation and validation of intersite fMRI studies using the same imaging hardware.
PURPOSE: To provide a between-site comparison of functional MRI (fMRI) signal reproducibility in two laboratories equipped with identical imaging hardware and software. Many studies have looked at within-subject reliability and more recent efforts have ...
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Saturday, June 28th, 2008
MRA of intracranial aneurysms embolized with platinum coils: A vascular phantom study at 1.5T and 3T.
PURPOSE: To analyze the influence of matrix and echo time (TE) of three-dimensional time-of-flight (3D TOF) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) on the depiction of residual flow in aneurysms embolized with ...
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Saturday, June 28th, 2008
Improved slice selection for R2* mapping during cryoablation with eddy current compensation.
PURPOSE: To improve the slice profile and image quality of R2* mapping in the iceball during cryoablation with ultrashort echo time (UTE) imaging by compensating for eddy currents induced by the selective gradient when ...
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Saturday, June 28th, 2008
3D nongadolinium-enhanced ECG-gated MRA of the distal lower extremities: Preliminary clinical experience.
PURPOSE: To report our initial experience implementing a noncontrast-enhanced electrocardiograph (ECG) gated fast spin echo magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) technique for assessment of the calf arteries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Noncontrast MRA images of 36 ...
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Saturday, June 28th, 2008
Change in knee cartilage T2 in response to mechanical loading.
PURPOSE: To assess the clinical feasibility of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with a mechanical loading system for evaluation of load-bearing function in knee joints using cartilage T2 as a surrogate of cartilage matrix changes. MATERIALS AND ...
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Saturday, June 28th, 2008
Cartilage imaging at 3.0T with gradient refocused acquisition in the steady-state (GRASS) and IDEAL fat-water separation.
PURPOSE: To demonstrate the feasibility of evaluating the articular cartilage of the knee joint at 3.0T using gradient refocused acquisition in the steady-state (GRASS) and iterative decomposition of water and ...
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Saturday, June 28th, 2008
Molecular mimicry in innate immunity? The viral RNA recognition receptor TLR7 accelerates murine lupus.
Toll-like receptors (TLR), such as TLR7, were first described as innate pathogen recognition receptors that trigger appropriate antimircrobial immune responses upon exposure to pathogen-associated molecules, e.g. viral ssRNA. In parallel to ongoing ...
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Saturday, June 28th, 2008
The canonical Wnt signaling pathway plays an important role in lymphopoiesis and hematopoiesis.
The evolutionarily conserved canonical Wnt-beta-catenin-T cell factor (TCF)/lymphocyte enhancer binding factor (LEF) signaling pathway regulates key checkpoints in the development of various tissues. Therefore, it is not surprising that a large body of ...
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Saturday, June 28th, 2008
In this issue.
COVER PICTURES: The cover shows a confocal micrograph of myelinated nervous tissue at the rim of a demyelinating lesion in the brain white matter of a patient with multiple sclerosis (MS). Myelin surrounding the axon is stained by a monoclonal antibody obtained by ...
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Saturday, June 28th, 2008
Increased cytotoxicity of CD4(+) invariant NKT cells against CD4(+)CD25(hi)CD127(lo/-) regulatory T cells in allergic asthma.
CD4(+)CD25(hi)CD127(lo/-) regulatory T cells (Treg) have been implicated in the resolution of asthma-associated inflammation while the opposite role of CD4(+) invariant NKT (iNKT) cells has been the subject of recent investigations. ...
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Saturday, June 28th, 2008
Feasibility of using real-time MRI to measure joint kinematics in 1.5T and open-bore 0.5T systems.
PURPOSE: To test the feasibility and accuracy of measuring joint motion with real-time MRI in a 1.5T scanner and in a 0.5T open-bore scanner and to assess the dependence of measurement ...
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Saturday, June 28th, 2008
Depth-dependent profiles of glycosaminoglycans in articular cartilage by muMRI and histochemistry.
PURPOSE: To quantify the distribution profile of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in articular cartilage with the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) gadolinium (Gd) contrast method (the dGEMRIC procedure in clinical MRI) and correlate with histochemical results. MATERIALS AND ...
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Saturday, June 28th, 2008
Systemic increase in type I interferon activity in Sjögren\'s syndrome: A putative role for plasmacytoid dendritic cells.
In the salivary glands of primary Sjögren\'s syndrome (pSjS) patients, type I IFN activity is increased, but systemic levels of type I IFN proteins are rarely detected. This study ...
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Saturday, June 28th, 2008
Acquisition-weighted stack of spirals for fast high-resolution three-dimensional ultra-short echo time MR imaging.
Ultra-short echo time (UTE) MRI requires both short excitation ( approximately 0.5 ms) and short acquisition delay (<0.2 ms) to minimize T(2)-induced signal decay. These requirements currently lead to low acquisition efficiency when ...
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Saturday, June 28th, 2008
A heat shock protein gene (Hsp70.1) is critically involved in the generation of the immune response to myelin antigen.
Protracted inflammation has been associated with the generation of autoimmune responses. In this respect, increase in the chaperonin, heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) is an outcome of ...
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Saturday, June 28th, 2008
Intra-tumoral Salmonella typhimurium induces a systemic anti-tumor immune response that is directed by low-dose radiation to treat distal disease.
Salmonella typhimurium is a facultative anaerobic bacterium able to multiply preferentially in tumors and inhibit their growth. The mechanisms through which Salmonella exerts its anti-cancer properties are ...
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Saturday, June 28th, 2008
Interferon-gamma limits the availability of iron for intramacrophage Salmonella typhimurium.
In stimulating effector functions of mononuclear phagocytes, IFN-gamma is of pivotal importance in host defense against intramacrophage pathogens including salmonellae. As the activity of IFN-gamma is modulated by iron and since a sufficient availability of iron ...
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Saturday, June 28th, 2008
CCL2 recruitment of IL-6-producing CD11b(+) monocytes to the draining lymph nodes during the initiation of Th17-dependent B cell-mediated autoimmunity.
The development and function of Th17 cells are influenced in part by the cytokines TGF-beta, IL-23 and IL-6, but the mechanisms that govern recruitment and activity of ...
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Saturday, June 28th, 2008
Development of CTL memory despite arrested clonal expansion.
Activation of a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response in an antigen-exposed lymph node involves a great diversity of encounters between naive CTL and APC that differ in both duration and quality. This broad spectrum of priming events instigates ...
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Saturday, June 28th, 2008
Functional dichotomy of plasmacytoid dendritic cells: Antigen-specific activation of T cells versus production of type I interferon.
Human plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDC) are believed to link innate and adaptive immunity by producing type I interferon (IFN-I) and triggering adaptive T cell-mediated immunity. However, it remains elusive ...
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Saturday, June 28th, 2008
Solution-, Solid-Phase, and Fluorous Synthesis of beta,beta-Difluorinated Cyclic Quaternary alpha-Amino Acid Derivatives: A Comparative Study.
The diastereoselective synthesis of cyclic beta,beta-difluorinated alpha-amino acid derivatives bearing a quaternary stereocenter is described. The process relies on the chemo- and diastereoselective addition of allylic organometallic reagents to fluorinated alpha-imino ...
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